// Copyright 2012 The Chromium Authors // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. #include "net/socket/udp_socket_win.h" #include #include #include #include "base/check_op.h" #include "base/functional/bind.h" #include "base/functional/callback.h" #include "base/lazy_instance.h" #include "base/memory/raw_ptr.h" #include "base/metrics/histogram_functions.h" #include "base/metrics/histogram_macros.h" #include "base/notreached.h" #include "base/rand_util.h" #include "base/task/thread_pool.h" #include "net/base/io_buffer.h" #include "net/base/ip_address.h" #include "net/base/ip_endpoint.h" #include "net/base/net_errors.h" #include "net/base/network_activity_monitor.h" #include "net/base/network_change_notifier.h" #include "net/base/sockaddr_storage.h" #include "net/base/winsock_init.h" #include "net/base/winsock_util.h" #include "net/log/net_log.h" #include "net/log/net_log_event_type.h" #include "net/log/net_log_source.h" #include "net/log/net_log_source_type.h" #include "net/socket/socket_descriptor.h" #include "net/socket/socket_options.h" #include "net/socket/socket_tag.h" #include "net/socket/udp_net_log_parameters.h" #include "net/traffic_annotation/network_traffic_annotation.h" namespace net { // This class encapsulates all the state that has to be preserved as long as // there is a network IO operation in progress. If the owner UDPSocketWin // is destroyed while an operation is in progress, the Core is detached and it // lives until the operation completes and the OS doesn't reference any resource // declared on this class anymore. class UDPSocketWin::Core : public base::RefCounted { public: explicit Core(UDPSocketWin* socket); Core(const Core&) = delete; Core& operator=(const Core&) = delete; // Start watching for the end of a read or write operation. void WatchForRead(); void WatchForWrite(); // The UDPSocketWin is going away. void Detach() { socket_ = nullptr; } // The separate OVERLAPPED variables for asynchronous operation. OVERLAPPED read_overlapped_; OVERLAPPED write_overlapped_; // The buffers used in Read() and Write(). scoped_refptr read_iobuffer_; scoped_refptr write_iobuffer_; // The struct for packet metadata passed to WSARecvMsg(). std::unique_ptr read_message_ = nullptr; // Big enough for IP_ECN or IPV6_ECN, nothing more. char read_control_buffer_[WSA_CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))]; // The address storage passed to WSARecvFrom(). SockaddrStorage recv_addr_storage_; private: friend class base::RefCounted; class ReadDelegate : public base::win::ObjectWatcher::Delegate { public: explicit ReadDelegate(Core* core) : core_(core) {} ~ReadDelegate() override = default; // base::ObjectWatcher::Delegate methods: void OnObjectSignaled(HANDLE object) override; private: const raw_ptr core_; }; class WriteDelegate : public base::win::ObjectWatcher::Delegate { public: explicit WriteDelegate(Core* core) : core_(core) {} ~WriteDelegate() override = default; // base::ObjectWatcher::Delegate methods: void OnObjectSignaled(HANDLE object) override; private: const raw_ptr core_; }; ~Core(); // The socket that created this object. raw_ptr socket_; // |reader_| handles the signals from |read_watcher_|. ReadDelegate reader_; // |writer_| handles the signals from |write_watcher_|. WriteDelegate writer_; // |read_watcher_| watches for events from Read(). base::win::ObjectWatcher read_watcher_; // |write_watcher_| watches for events from Write(); base::win::ObjectWatcher write_watcher_; }; UDPSocketWin::Core::Core(UDPSocketWin* socket) : socket_(socket), reader_(this), writer_(this) { memset(&read_overlapped_, 0, sizeof(read_overlapped_)); memset(&write_overlapped_, 0, sizeof(write_overlapped_)); read_overlapped_.hEvent = WSACreateEvent(); write_overlapped_.hEvent = WSACreateEvent(); } UDPSocketWin::Core::~Core() { // Make sure the message loop is not watching this object anymore. read_watcher_.StopWatching(); write_watcher_.StopWatching(); WSACloseEvent(read_overlapped_.hEvent); memset(&read_overlapped_, 0xaf, sizeof(read_overlapped_)); WSACloseEvent(write_overlapped_.hEvent); memset(&write_overlapped_, 0xaf, sizeof(write_overlapped_)); } void UDPSocketWin::Core::WatchForRead() { // We grab an extra reference because there is an IO operation in progress. // Balanced in ReadDelegate::OnObjectSignaled(). AddRef(); read_watcher_.StartWatchingOnce(read_overlapped_.hEvent, &reader_); } void UDPSocketWin::Core::WatchForWrite() { // We grab an extra reference because there is an IO operation in progress. // Balanced in WriteDelegate::OnObjectSignaled(). AddRef(); write_watcher_.StartWatchingOnce(write_overlapped_.hEvent, &writer_); } void UDPSocketWin::Core::ReadDelegate::OnObjectSignaled(HANDLE object) { DCHECK_EQ(object, core_->read_overlapped_.hEvent); if (core_->socket_) core_->socket_->DidCompleteRead(); core_->Release(); } void UDPSocketWin::Core::WriteDelegate::OnObjectSignaled(HANDLE object) { DCHECK_EQ(object, core_->write_overlapped_.hEvent); if (core_->socket_) core_->socket_->DidCompleteWrite(); core_->Release(); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- QwaveApi::QwaveApi() { HMODULE qwave = LoadLibrary(L"qwave.dll"); if (!qwave) return; create_handle_func_ = (CreateHandleFn)GetProcAddress(qwave, "QOSCreateHandle"); close_handle_func_ = (CloseHandleFn)GetProcAddress(qwave, "QOSCloseHandle"); add_socket_to_flow_func_ = (AddSocketToFlowFn)GetProcAddress(qwave, "QOSAddSocketToFlow"); remove_socket_from_flow_func_ = (RemoveSocketFromFlowFn)GetProcAddress(qwave, "QOSRemoveSocketFromFlow"); set_flow_func_ = (SetFlowFn)GetProcAddress(qwave, "QOSSetFlow"); if (create_handle_func_ && close_handle_func_ && add_socket_to_flow_func_ && remove_socket_from_flow_func_ && set_flow_func_) { qwave_supported_ = true; } } QwaveApi* QwaveApi::GetDefault() { static base::LazyInstance::Leaky lazy_qwave = LAZY_INSTANCE_INITIALIZER; return lazy_qwave.Pointer(); } bool QwaveApi::qwave_supported() const { return qwave_supported_; } void QwaveApi::OnFatalError() { // Disable everything moving forward. qwave_supported_ = false; } BOOL QwaveApi::CreateHandle(PQOS_VERSION version, PHANDLE handle) { return create_handle_func_(version, handle); } BOOL QwaveApi::CloseHandle(HANDLE handle) { return close_handle_func_(handle); } BOOL QwaveApi::AddSocketToFlow(HANDLE handle, SOCKET socket, PSOCKADDR addr, QOS_TRAFFIC_TYPE traffic_type, DWORD flags, PQOS_FLOWID flow_id) { return add_socket_to_flow_func_(handle, socket, addr, traffic_type, flags, flow_id); } BOOL QwaveApi::RemoveSocketFromFlow(HANDLE handle, SOCKET socket, QOS_FLOWID flow_id, DWORD reserved) { return remove_socket_from_flow_func_(handle, socket, flow_id, reserved); } BOOL QwaveApi::SetFlow(HANDLE handle, QOS_FLOWID flow_id, QOS_SET_FLOW op, ULONG size, PVOID data, DWORD reserved, LPOVERLAPPED overlapped) { return set_flow_func_(handle, flow_id, op, size, data, reserved, overlapped); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- UDPSocketWin::UDPSocketWin(DatagramSocket::BindType bind_type, net::NetLog* net_log, const net::NetLogSource& source) : socket_(INVALID_SOCKET), socket_options_(SOCKET_OPTION_MULTICAST_LOOP), net_log_(NetLogWithSource::Make(net_log, NetLogSourceType::UDP_SOCKET)) { EnsureWinsockInit(); net_log_.BeginEventReferencingSource(NetLogEventType::SOCKET_ALIVE, source); } UDPSocketWin::UDPSocketWin(DatagramSocket::BindType bind_type, NetLogWithSource source_net_log) : socket_(INVALID_SOCKET), socket_options_(SOCKET_OPTION_MULTICAST_LOOP), net_log_(source_net_log) { EnsureWinsockInit(); net_log_.BeginEventReferencingSource(NetLogEventType::SOCKET_ALIVE, net_log_.source()); } UDPSocketWin::~UDPSocketWin() { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); Close(); net_log_.EndEvent(NetLogEventType::SOCKET_ALIVE); } int UDPSocketWin::Open(AddressFamily address_family) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK_EQ(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); auto owned_socket_count = TryAcquireGlobalUDPSocketCount(); if (owned_socket_count.empty()) return ERR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES; owned_socket_count_ = std::move(owned_socket_count); addr_family_ = ConvertAddressFamily(address_family); socket_ = CreatePlatformSocket(addr_family_, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); if (socket_ == INVALID_SOCKET) { owned_socket_count_.Reset(); return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } ConfigureOpenedSocket(); return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::AdoptOpenedSocket(AddressFamily address_family, SOCKET socket) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); auto owned_socket_count = TryAcquireGlobalUDPSocketCount(); if (owned_socket_count.empty()) { return ERR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES; } owned_socket_count_ = std::move(owned_socket_count); addr_family_ = ConvertAddressFamily(address_family); socket_ = socket; ConfigureOpenedSocket(); return OK; } void UDPSocketWin::ConfigureOpenedSocket() { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (!use_non_blocking_io_) { core_ = base::MakeRefCounted(this); } else { read_write_event_.Set(WSACreateEvent()); WSAEventSelect(socket_, read_write_event_.Get(), FD_READ | FD_WRITE); } } void UDPSocketWin::Close() { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); owned_socket_count_.Reset(); if (socket_ == INVALID_SOCKET) return; // Remove socket_ from the QoS subsystem before we invalidate it. dscp_manager_ = nullptr; // Zero out any pending read/write callback state. read_callback_.Reset(); recv_from_address_ = nullptr; write_callback_.Reset(); base::TimeTicks start_time = base::TimeTicks::Now(); closesocket(socket_); UMA_HISTOGRAM_TIMES("Net.UDPSocketWinClose", base::TimeTicks::Now() - start_time); socket_ = INVALID_SOCKET; addr_family_ = 0; is_connected_ = false; // Release buffers to free up memory. read_iobuffer_ = nullptr; read_iobuffer_len_ = 0; write_iobuffer_ = nullptr; write_iobuffer_len_ = 0; read_write_watcher_.StopWatching(); read_write_event_.Close(); event_pending_.InvalidateWeakPtrs(); if (core_) { core_->Detach(); core_ = nullptr; } } int UDPSocketWin::GetPeerAddress(IPEndPoint* address) const { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK(address); if (!is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_NOT_CONNECTED; // TODO(szym): Simplify. http://crbug.com/126152 if (!remote_address_.get()) { SockaddrStorage storage; if (getpeername(socket_, storage.addr, &storage.addr_len)) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); auto remote_address = std::make_unique(); if (!remote_address->FromSockAddr(storage.addr, storage.addr_len)) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; remote_address_ = std::move(remote_address); } *address = *remote_address_; return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::GetLocalAddress(IPEndPoint* address) const { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK(address); if (!is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_NOT_CONNECTED; // TODO(szym): Simplify. http://crbug.com/126152 if (!local_address_.get()) { SockaddrStorage storage; if (getsockname(socket_, storage.addr, &storage.addr_len)) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); auto local_address = std::make_unique(); if (!local_address->FromSockAddr(storage.addr, storage.addr_len)) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; local_address_ = std::move(local_address); net_log_.AddEvent(NetLogEventType::UDP_LOCAL_ADDRESS, [&] { return CreateNetLogUDPConnectParams(*local_address_, handles::kInvalidNetworkHandle); }); } *address = *local_address_; return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::Read(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, CompletionOnceCallback callback) { return RecvFrom(buf, buf_len, nullptr, std::move(callback)); } int UDPSocketWin::RecvFrom(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, IPEndPoint* address, CompletionOnceCallback callback) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK_NE(INVALID_SOCKET, socket_); CHECK(read_callback_.is_null()); DCHECK(!recv_from_address_); DCHECK(!callback.is_null()); // Synchronous operation not supported. DCHECK_GT(buf_len, 0); int nread = core_ ? InternalRecvFromOverlapped(buf, buf_len, address) : InternalRecvFromNonBlocking(buf, buf_len, address); if (nread != ERR_IO_PENDING) return nread; read_callback_ = std::move(callback); recv_from_address_ = address; return ERR_IO_PENDING; } int UDPSocketWin::Write( IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, CompletionOnceCallback callback, const NetworkTrafficAnnotationTag& /* traffic_annotation */) { return SendToOrWrite(buf, buf_len, remote_address_.get(), std::move(callback)); } int UDPSocketWin::SendTo(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, const IPEndPoint& address, CompletionOnceCallback callback) { if (dscp_manager_) { // Alert DscpManager in case this is a new remote address. Failure to // apply Dscp code is never fatal. int rv = dscp_manager_->PrepareForSend(address); if (rv != OK) net_log_.AddEventWithNetErrorCode(NetLogEventType::UDP_SEND_ERROR, rv); } return SendToOrWrite(buf, buf_len, &address, std::move(callback)); } int UDPSocketWin::SendToOrWrite(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, const IPEndPoint* address, CompletionOnceCallback callback) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK_NE(INVALID_SOCKET, socket_); CHECK(write_callback_.is_null()); DCHECK(!callback.is_null()); // Synchronous operation not supported. DCHECK_GT(buf_len, 0); DCHECK(!send_to_address_.get()); int nwrite = core_ ? InternalSendToOverlapped(buf, buf_len, address) : InternalSendToNonBlocking(buf, buf_len, address); if (nwrite != ERR_IO_PENDING) return nwrite; if (address) send_to_address_ = std::make_unique(*address); write_callback_ = std::move(callback); return ERR_IO_PENDING; } int UDPSocketWin::Connect(const IPEndPoint& address) { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); net_log_.BeginEvent(NetLogEventType::UDP_CONNECT, [&] { return CreateNetLogUDPConnectParams(address, handles::kInvalidNetworkHandle); }); int rv = SetMulticastOptions(); if (rv != OK) return rv; rv = InternalConnect(address); net_log_.EndEventWithNetErrorCode(NetLogEventType::UDP_CONNECT, rv); is_connected_ = (rv == OK); return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::InternalConnect(const IPEndPoint& address) { DCHECK(!is_connected()); DCHECK(!remote_address_.get()); // Always do a random bind. // Ignore failures, which may happen if the socket was already bound. DWORD randomize_port_value = 1; setsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RANDOMIZE_PORT, reinterpret_cast(&randomize_port_value), sizeof(randomize_port_value)); SockaddrStorage storage; if (!address.ToSockAddr(storage.addr, &storage.addr_len)) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; int rv = connect(socket_, storage.addr, storage.addr_len); if (rv < 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); remote_address_ = std::make_unique(address); if (dscp_manager_) dscp_manager_->PrepareForSend(*remote_address_.get()); return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::Bind(const IPEndPoint& address) { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK(!is_connected()); int rv = SetMulticastOptions(); if (rv < 0) return rv; rv = DoBind(address); if (rv < 0) return rv; local_address_.reset(); is_connected_ = true; return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::BindToNetwork(handles::NetworkHandle network) { NOTIMPLEMENTED(); return ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; } int UDPSocketWin::SetReceiveBufferSize(int32_t size) { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); int rv = SetSocketReceiveBufferSize(socket_, size); if (rv != 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); // According to documentation, setsockopt may succeed, but we need to check // the results via getsockopt to be sure it works on Windows. int32_t actual_size = 0; int option_size = sizeof(actual_size); rv = getsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, reinterpret_cast(&actual_size), &option_size); if (rv != 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); if (actual_size >= size) return OK; UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS("Net.SocketUnchangeableReceiveBuffer", actual_size, 1000, 1000000, 50); return ERR_SOCKET_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE_UNCHANGEABLE; } int UDPSocketWin::SetSendBufferSize(int32_t size) { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); int rv = SetSocketSendBufferSize(socket_, size); if (rv != 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); // According to documentation, setsockopt may succeed, but we need to check // the results via getsockopt to be sure it works on Windows. int32_t actual_size = 0; int option_size = sizeof(actual_size); rv = getsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, reinterpret_cast(&actual_size), &option_size); if (rv != 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); if (actual_size >= size) return OK; UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS("Net.SocketUnchangeableSendBuffer", actual_size, 1000, 1000000, 50); return ERR_SOCKET_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE_UNCHANGEABLE; } int UDPSocketWin::SetDoNotFragment() { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (addr_family_ == AF_INET6) return OK; DWORD val = 1; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DONTFRAGMENT, reinterpret_cast(&val), sizeof(val)); return rv == 0 ? OK : MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } LPFN_WSARECVMSG UDPSocketWin::GetRecvMsgPointer() { LPFN_WSARECVMSG rv; GUID message_code = WSAID_WSARECVMSG; DWORD size; if (WSAIoctl(socket_, SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER, &message_code, sizeof(message_code), &rv, sizeof(rv), &size, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) { return nullptr; } return rv; } LPFN_WSASENDMSG UDPSocketWin::GetSendMsgPointer() { LPFN_WSASENDMSG rv; GUID message_code = WSAID_WSASENDMSG; DWORD size; if (WSAIoctl(socket_, SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER, &message_code, sizeof(message_code), &rv, sizeof(rv), &size, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) { return nullptr; } return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::SetRecvTos() { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); int rv = WSASetRecvIPEcn(socket_, TRUE); if (rv != 0) { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); int result = MapSystemError(os_error); LogRead(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } wsa_recv_msg_ = GetRecvMsgPointer(); if (wsa_recv_msg_ == nullptr) { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); int result = MapSystemError(os_error); LogRead(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } report_ecn_ = true; return 0; } void UDPSocketWin::SetMsgConfirm(bool confirm) {} int UDPSocketWin::AllowAddressReuse() { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); DCHECK(!is_connected()); BOOL true_value = TRUE; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, reinterpret_cast(&true_value), sizeof(true_value)); return rv == 0 ? OK : MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } int UDPSocketWin::SetBroadcast(bool broadcast) { DCHECK_NE(socket_, INVALID_SOCKET); DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); BOOL value = broadcast ? TRUE : FALSE; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, reinterpret_cast(&value), sizeof(value)); return rv == 0 ? OK : MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } int UDPSocketWin::AllowAddressSharingForMulticast() { // When proper multicast groups are used, Windows further defines the address // resuse option (SO_REUSEADDR) to ensure all listening sockets can receive // all incoming messages for the multicast group. return AllowAddressReuse(); } void UDPSocketWin::DoReadCallback(int rv) { DCHECK_NE(rv, ERR_IO_PENDING); DCHECK(!read_callback_.is_null()); // since Run may result in Read being called, clear read_callback_ up front. std::move(read_callback_).Run(rv); } void UDPSocketWin::DoWriteCallback(int rv) { DCHECK_NE(rv, ERR_IO_PENDING); DCHECK(!write_callback_.is_null()); // since Run may result in Write being called, clear write_callback_ up front. std::move(write_callback_).Run(rv); } void UDPSocketWin::DidCompleteRead() { DWORD num_bytes, flags; BOOL ok = WSAGetOverlappedResult(socket_, &core_->read_overlapped_, &num_bytes, FALSE, &flags); WSAResetEvent(core_->read_overlapped_.hEvent); int result = ok ? num_bytes : MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); // Convert address. IPEndPoint address; IPEndPoint* address_to_log = nullptr; if (result >= 0) { if (address.FromSockAddr(core_->recv_addr_storage_.addr, core_->recv_addr_storage_.addr_len)) { if (recv_from_address_) *recv_from_address_ = address; address_to_log = &address; } else { result = ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } if (core_->read_message_ != nullptr) { SetLastTosFromWSAMSG(*core_->read_message_); } } LogRead(result, core_->read_iobuffer_->data(), address_to_log); core_->read_iobuffer_ = nullptr; core_->read_message_ = nullptr; recv_from_address_ = nullptr; DoReadCallback(result); } void UDPSocketWin::DidCompleteWrite() { DWORD num_bytes, flags; BOOL ok = WSAGetOverlappedResult(socket_, &core_->write_overlapped_, &num_bytes, FALSE, &flags); WSAResetEvent(core_->write_overlapped_.hEvent); int result = ok ? num_bytes : MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); LogWrite(result, core_->write_iobuffer_->data(), send_to_address_.get()); send_to_address_.reset(); core_->write_iobuffer_ = nullptr; DoWriteCallback(result); } void UDPSocketWin::OnObjectSignaled(HANDLE object) { DCHECK(object == read_write_event_.Get()); WSANETWORKEVENTS network_events; int os_error = 0; int rv = WSAEnumNetworkEvents(socket_, read_write_event_.Get(), &network_events); // Protects against trying to call the write callback if the read callback // either closes or destroys |this|. base::WeakPtr event_pending = event_pending_.GetWeakPtr(); if (rv == SOCKET_ERROR) { os_error = WSAGetLastError(); rv = MapSystemError(os_error); if (read_iobuffer_) { read_iobuffer_ = nullptr; read_iobuffer_len_ = 0; recv_from_address_ = nullptr; DoReadCallback(rv); } // Socket may have been closed or destroyed here. if (event_pending && write_iobuffer_) { write_iobuffer_ = nullptr; write_iobuffer_len_ = 0; send_to_address_.reset(); DoWriteCallback(rv); } return; } if ((network_events.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ) && read_iobuffer_) OnReadSignaled(); if (!event_pending) return; if ((network_events.lNetworkEvents & FD_WRITE) && write_iobuffer_) OnWriteSignaled(); if (!event_pending) return; // There's still pending read / write. Watch for further events. if (read_iobuffer_ || write_iobuffer_) WatchForReadWrite(); } void UDPSocketWin::OnReadSignaled() { int rv = InternalRecvFromNonBlocking(read_iobuffer_.get(), read_iobuffer_len_, recv_from_address_); if (rv == ERR_IO_PENDING) return; read_iobuffer_ = nullptr; read_iobuffer_len_ = 0; recv_from_address_ = nullptr; DoReadCallback(rv); } void UDPSocketWin::OnWriteSignaled() { int rv = InternalSendToNonBlocking(write_iobuffer_.get(), write_iobuffer_len_, send_to_address_.get()); if (rv == ERR_IO_PENDING) return; write_iobuffer_ = nullptr; write_iobuffer_len_ = 0; send_to_address_.reset(); DoWriteCallback(rv); } void UDPSocketWin::WatchForReadWrite() { if (read_write_watcher_.IsWatching()) return; bool watched = read_write_watcher_.StartWatchingOnce(read_write_event_.Get(), this); DCHECK(watched); } void UDPSocketWin::LogRead(int result, const char* bytes, const IPEndPoint* address) const { if (result < 0) { net_log_.AddEventWithNetErrorCode(NetLogEventType::UDP_RECEIVE_ERROR, result); return; } if (net_log_.IsCapturing()) { NetLogUDPDataTransfer(net_log_, NetLogEventType::UDP_BYTES_RECEIVED, result, bytes, address); } activity_monitor::IncrementBytesReceived(result); } void UDPSocketWin::LogWrite(int result, const char* bytes, const IPEndPoint* address) const { if (result < 0) { net_log_.AddEventWithNetErrorCode(NetLogEventType::UDP_SEND_ERROR, result); return; } if (net_log_.IsCapturing()) { NetLogUDPDataTransfer(net_log_, NetLogEventType::UDP_BYTES_SENT, result, bytes, address); } } void UDPSocketWin::PopulateWSAMSG(WSAMSG& message, SockaddrStorage& storage, WSABUF* data_buffer, WSABUF& control_buffer, bool send) { bool is_ipv6 = addr_family_ == AF_INET6; message.name = storage.addr; message.namelen = storage.addr_len; message.lpBuffers = data_buffer; message.dwBufferCount = 1; message.Control.buf = control_buffer.buf; message.dwFlags = 0; if (send) { message.Control.len = 0; WSACMSGHDR* cmsg; message.Control.len += WSA_CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)); cmsg = WSA_CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&message); cmsg->cmsg_len = WSA_CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)); cmsg->cmsg_level = is_ipv6 ? IPPROTO_IPV6 : IPPROTO_IP; cmsg->cmsg_type = is_ipv6 ? IPV6_ECN : IP_ECN; *(int*)WSA_CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = static_cast(send_ecn_); } else { message.Control.len = control_buffer.len; } } void UDPSocketWin::SetLastTosFromWSAMSG(WSAMSG& message) { int ecn = 0; for (WSACMSGHDR* cmsg = WSA_CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&message); cmsg != NULL; cmsg = WSA_CMSG_NXTHDR(&message, cmsg)) { if ((cmsg->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cmsg->cmsg_type == IPV6_ECN) || (cmsg->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IP && cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_ECN)) { ecn = *(int*)WSA_CMSG_DATA(cmsg); break; } } last_tos_.ecn = static_cast(ecn); } int UDPSocketWin::InternalRecvFromOverlapped(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, IPEndPoint* address) { DCHECK(!core_->read_iobuffer_.get()); DCHECK(!core_->read_message_.get()); SockaddrStorage& storage = core_->recv_addr_storage_; storage.addr_len = sizeof(storage.addr_storage); WSABUF read_buffer; read_buffer.buf = buf->data(); read_buffer.len = buf_len; DWORD flags = 0; DWORD num; CHECK_NE(INVALID_SOCKET, socket_); int rv; std::unique_ptr message; if (report_ecn_) { WSABUF control_buffer; control_buffer.buf = core_->read_control_buffer_; control_buffer.len = sizeof(core_->read_control_buffer_); message = std::make_unique(); if (message == nullptr) { return WSA_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY; } PopulateWSAMSG(*message, storage, &read_buffer, control_buffer, false); rv = wsa_recv_msg_(socket_, message.get(), &num, &core_->read_overlapped_, nullptr); if (rv == 0) { SetLastTosFromWSAMSG(*message); } } else { rv = WSARecvFrom(socket_, &read_buffer, 1, &num, &flags, storage.addr, &storage.addr_len, &core_->read_overlapped_, nullptr); } if (rv == 0) { if (ResetEventIfSignaled(core_->read_overlapped_.hEvent)) { int result = num; // Convert address. IPEndPoint address_storage; IPEndPoint* address_to_log = nullptr; if (result >= 0) { if (address_storage.FromSockAddr(core_->recv_addr_storage_.addr, core_->recv_addr_storage_.addr_len)) { if (address) *address = address_storage; address_to_log = &address_storage; } else { result = ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } } LogRead(result, buf->data(), address_to_log); return result; } } else { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); if (os_error != WSA_IO_PENDING) { int result = MapSystemError(os_error); LogRead(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } } core_->WatchForRead(); core_->read_iobuffer_ = buf; core_->read_message_ = std::move(message); return ERR_IO_PENDING; } int UDPSocketWin::InternalSendToOverlapped(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, const IPEndPoint* address) { DCHECK(!core_->write_iobuffer_.get()); SockaddrStorage storage; struct sockaddr* addr = storage.addr; // Convert address. if (!address) { addr = nullptr; storage.addr_len = 0; } else { if (!address->ToSockAddr(addr, &storage.addr_len)) { int result = ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; LogWrite(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } } WSABUF write_buffer; write_buffer.buf = buf->data(); write_buffer.len = buf_len; DWORD flags = 0; DWORD num; int rv; if (send_ecn_ != ECN_NOT_ECT) { WSABUF control_buffer; char raw_control_buffer[WSA_CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))]; control_buffer.buf = raw_control_buffer; control_buffer.len = sizeof(raw_control_buffer); WSAMSG message; PopulateWSAMSG(message, storage, &write_buffer, control_buffer, true); rv = wsa_send_msg_(socket_, &message, flags, &num, &core_->write_overlapped_, nullptr); } else { rv = WSASendTo(socket_, &write_buffer, 1, &num, flags, addr, storage.addr_len, &core_->write_overlapped_, nullptr); } if (rv == 0) { if (ResetEventIfSignaled(core_->write_overlapped_.hEvent)) { int result = num; LogWrite(result, buf->data(), address); return result; } } else { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); if (os_error != WSA_IO_PENDING) { int result = MapSystemError(os_error); LogWrite(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } } core_->WatchForWrite(); core_->write_iobuffer_ = buf; return ERR_IO_PENDING; } int UDPSocketWin::InternalRecvFromNonBlocking(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, IPEndPoint* address) { DCHECK(!read_iobuffer_ || read_iobuffer_.get() == buf); SockaddrStorage storage; storage.addr_len = sizeof(storage.addr_storage); CHECK_NE(INVALID_SOCKET, socket_); int rv; if (report_ecn_) { WSABUF read_buffer; read_buffer.buf = buf->data(); read_buffer.len = buf_len; WSABUF control_buffer; char raw_control_buffer[WSA_CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(INT))]; control_buffer.buf = raw_control_buffer; control_buffer.len = sizeof(raw_control_buffer); WSAMSG message; DWORD bytes_read; PopulateWSAMSG(message, storage, &read_buffer, control_buffer, false); rv = wsa_recv_msg_(socket_, &message, &bytes_read, nullptr, nullptr); SetLastTosFromWSAMSG(message); if (rv == 0) { rv = bytes_read; // WSARecvMsg() returns zero on delivery, but recvfrom // returns the number of bytes received. } } else { rv = recvfrom(socket_, buf->data(), buf_len, 0, storage.addr, &storage.addr_len); } if (rv == SOCKET_ERROR) { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); if (os_error == WSAEWOULDBLOCK) { read_iobuffer_ = buf; read_iobuffer_len_ = buf_len; WatchForReadWrite(); return ERR_IO_PENDING; } rv = MapSystemError(os_error); LogRead(rv, nullptr, nullptr); return rv; } IPEndPoint address_storage; IPEndPoint* address_to_log = nullptr; if (rv >= 0) { if (address_storage.FromSockAddr(storage.addr, storage.addr_len)) { if (address) *address = address_storage; address_to_log = &address_storage; } else { rv = ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } } LogRead(rv, buf->data(), address_to_log); return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::InternalSendToNonBlocking(IOBuffer* buf, int buf_len, const IPEndPoint* address) { DCHECK(!write_iobuffer_ || write_iobuffer_.get() == buf); SockaddrStorage storage; struct sockaddr* addr = storage.addr; // Convert address. if (address) { if (!address->ToSockAddr(addr, &storage.addr_len)) { int result = ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; LogWrite(result, nullptr, nullptr); return result; } } else { addr = nullptr; storage.addr_len = 0; } int rv; if (send_ecn_ != ECN_NOT_ECT) { char raw_control_buffer[WSA_CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(INT))]; WSABUF write_buffer; write_buffer.buf = buf->data(); write_buffer.len = buf_len; WSABUF control_buffer; control_buffer.buf = raw_control_buffer; control_buffer.len = sizeof(raw_control_buffer); WSAMSG message; DWORD bytes_read; PopulateWSAMSG(message, storage, &write_buffer, control_buffer, true); rv = wsa_send_msg_(socket_, &message, 0, &bytes_read, nullptr, nullptr); if (rv == 0) { rv = bytes_read; } } else { rv = sendto(socket_, buf->data(), buf_len, 0, addr, storage.addr_len); } if (rv == SOCKET_ERROR) { int os_error = WSAGetLastError(); if (os_error == WSAEWOULDBLOCK) { write_iobuffer_ = buf; write_iobuffer_len_ = buf_len; WatchForReadWrite(); return ERR_IO_PENDING; } rv = MapSystemError(os_error); LogWrite(rv, nullptr, nullptr); return rv; } LogWrite(rv, buf->data(), address); return rv; } int UDPSocketWin::SetMulticastOptions() { if (!(socket_options_ & SOCKET_OPTION_MULTICAST_LOOP)) { DWORD loop = 0; int protocol_level = addr_family_ == AF_INET ? IPPROTO_IP : IPPROTO_IPV6; int option = addr_family_ == AF_INET ? IP_MULTICAST_LOOP: IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, protocol_level, option, reinterpret_cast(&loop), sizeof(loop)); if (rv < 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } if (multicast_time_to_live_ != 1) { DWORD hops = multicast_time_to_live_; int protocol_level = addr_family_ == AF_INET ? IPPROTO_IP : IPPROTO_IPV6; int option = addr_family_ == AF_INET ? IP_MULTICAST_TTL: IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, protocol_level, option, reinterpret_cast(&hops), sizeof(hops)); if (rv < 0) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); } if (multicast_interface_ != 0) { switch (addr_family_) { case AF_INET: { in_addr address; address.s_addr = htonl(multicast_interface_); int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, reinterpret_cast(&address), sizeof(address)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); break; } case AF_INET6: { uint32_t interface_index = multicast_interface_; int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, reinterpret_cast(&interface_index), sizeof(interface_index)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); break; } default: NOTREACHED() << "Invalid address family"; return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } } return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::DoBind(const IPEndPoint& address) { SockaddrStorage storage; if (!address.ToSockAddr(storage.addr, &storage.addr_len)) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; int rv = bind(socket_, storage.addr, storage.addr_len); if (rv == 0) return OK; int last_error = WSAGetLastError(); // Map some codes that are special to bind() separately. // * WSAEACCES: If a port is already bound to a socket, WSAEACCES may be // returned instead of WSAEADDRINUSE, depending on whether the socket // option SO_REUSEADDR or SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE is set and whether the // conflicting socket is owned by a different user account. See the MSDN // page "Using SO_REUSEADDR and SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE" for the gory details. if (last_error == WSAEACCES || last_error == WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL) return ERR_ADDRESS_IN_USE; return MapSystemError(last_error); } QwaveApi* UDPSocketWin::GetQwaveApi() const { return QwaveApi::GetDefault(); } int UDPSocketWin::JoinGroup(const IPAddress& group_address) const { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (!is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_NOT_CONNECTED; switch (group_address.size()) { case IPAddress::kIPv4AddressSize: { if (addr_family_ != AF_INET) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; ip_mreq mreq; mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(multicast_interface_); memcpy(&mreq.imr_multiaddr, group_address.bytes().data(), IPAddress::kIPv4AddressSize); int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, reinterpret_cast(&mreq), sizeof(mreq)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); return OK; } case IPAddress::kIPv6AddressSize: { if (addr_family_ != AF_INET6) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; ipv6_mreq mreq; mreq.ipv6mr_interface = multicast_interface_; memcpy(&mreq.ipv6mr_multiaddr, group_address.bytes().data(), IPAddress::kIPv6AddressSize); int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, reinterpret_cast(&mreq), sizeof(mreq)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); return OK; } default: NOTREACHED() << "Invalid address family"; return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } } int UDPSocketWin::LeaveGroup(const IPAddress& group_address) const { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (!is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_NOT_CONNECTED; switch (group_address.size()) { case IPAddress::kIPv4AddressSize: { if (addr_family_ != AF_INET) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; ip_mreq mreq; mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(multicast_interface_); memcpy(&mreq.imr_multiaddr, group_address.bytes().data(), IPAddress::kIPv4AddressSize); int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, reinterpret_cast(&mreq), sizeof(mreq)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); return OK; } case IPAddress::kIPv6AddressSize: { if (addr_family_ != AF_INET6) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; ipv6_mreq mreq; mreq.ipv6mr_interface = multicast_interface_; memcpy(&mreq.ipv6mr_multiaddr, group_address.bytes().data(), IPAddress::kIPv6AddressSize); int rv = setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_IPV6, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, reinterpret_cast(&mreq), sizeof(mreq)); if (rv) return MapSystemError(WSAGetLastError()); return OK; } default: NOTREACHED() << "Invalid address family"; return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; } } int UDPSocketWin::SetMulticastInterface(uint32_t interface_index) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_IS_CONNECTED; multicast_interface_ = interface_index; return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::SetMulticastTimeToLive(int time_to_live) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_IS_CONNECTED; if (time_to_live < 0 || time_to_live > 255) return ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT; multicast_time_to_live_ = time_to_live; return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::SetMulticastLoopbackMode(bool loopback) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_IS_CONNECTED; if (loopback) socket_options_ |= SOCKET_OPTION_MULTICAST_LOOP; else socket_options_ &= ~SOCKET_OPTION_MULTICAST_LOOP; return OK; } QOS_TRAFFIC_TYPE DscpToTrafficType(DiffServCodePoint dscp) { QOS_TRAFFIC_TYPE traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeBestEffort; switch (dscp) { case DSCP_CS0: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeBestEffort; break; case DSCP_CS1: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeBackground; break; case DSCP_AF11: case DSCP_AF12: case DSCP_AF13: case DSCP_CS2: case DSCP_AF21: case DSCP_AF22: case DSCP_AF23: case DSCP_CS3: case DSCP_AF31: case DSCP_AF32: case DSCP_AF33: case DSCP_CS4: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeExcellentEffort; break; case DSCP_AF41: case DSCP_AF42: case DSCP_AF43: case DSCP_CS5: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeAudioVideo; break; case DSCP_EF: case DSCP_CS6: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeVoice; break; case DSCP_CS7: traffic_type = QOSTrafficTypeControl; break; case DSCP_NO_CHANGE: NOTREACHED(); break; } return traffic_type; } int UDPSocketWin::SetDiffServCodePoint(DiffServCodePoint dscp) { return SetTos(dscp, ECN_NO_CHANGE); } int UDPSocketWin::SetTos(DiffServCodePoint dscp, EcnCodePoint ecn) { if (!is_connected()) return ERR_SOCKET_NOT_CONNECTED; if (dscp != DSCP_NO_CHANGE) { QwaveApi* api = GetQwaveApi(); if (!api->qwave_supported()) { return ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; } if (!dscp_manager_) { dscp_manager_ = std::make_unique(api, socket_); } dscp_manager_->Set(dscp); if (remote_address_) { int rv = dscp_manager_->PrepareForSend(*remote_address_.get()); if (rv != OK) { return rv; } } } if (ecn == ECN_NO_CHANGE) { return OK; } if (wsa_send_msg_ == nullptr) { wsa_send_msg_ = GetSendMsgPointer(); } send_ecn_ = ecn; return OK; } int UDPSocketWin::SetIPv6Only(bool ipv6_only) { DCHECK_CALLED_ON_VALID_THREAD(thread_checker_); if (is_connected()) { return ERR_SOCKET_IS_CONNECTED; } return net::SetIPv6Only(socket_, ipv6_only); } void UDPSocketWin::DetachFromThread() { DETACH_FROM_THREAD(thread_checker_); } void UDPSocketWin::UseNonBlockingIO() { DCHECK(!core_); use_non_blocking_io_ = true; } void UDPSocketWin::ApplySocketTag(const SocketTag& tag) { // Windows does not support any specific SocketTags so fail if any non-default // tag is applied. CHECK(tag == SocketTag()); } DscpManager::DscpManager(QwaveApi* api, SOCKET socket) : api_(api), socket_(socket) { RequestHandle(); } DscpManager::~DscpManager() { if (!qos_handle_) return; if (flow_id_ != 0) api_->RemoveSocketFromFlow(qos_handle_, NULL, flow_id_, 0); api_->CloseHandle(qos_handle_); } void DscpManager::Set(DiffServCodePoint dscp) { if (dscp == DSCP_NO_CHANGE || dscp == dscp_value_) return; dscp_value_ = dscp; // TODO(zstein): We could reuse the flow when the value changes // by calling QOSSetFlow with the new traffic type and dscp value. if (flow_id_ != 0 && qos_handle_) { api_->RemoveSocketFromFlow(qos_handle_, NULL, flow_id_, 0); configured_.clear(); flow_id_ = 0; } } int DscpManager::PrepareForSend(const IPEndPoint& remote_address) { if (dscp_value_ == DSCP_NO_CHANGE) { // No DSCP value has been set. return OK; } if (!api_->qwave_supported()) return ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; if (!qos_handle_) return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE; // The closest net error to try again later. if (configured_.find(remote_address) != configured_.end()) return OK; SockaddrStorage storage; if (!remote_address.ToSockAddr(storage.addr, &storage.addr_len)) return ERR_ADDRESS_INVALID; // We won't try this address again if we get an error. configured_.emplace(remote_address); // We don't need to call SetFlow if we already have a qos flow. bool new_flow = flow_id_ == 0; const QOS_TRAFFIC_TYPE traffic_type = DscpToTrafficType(dscp_value_); if (!api_->AddSocketToFlow(qos_handle_, socket_, storage.addr, traffic_type, QOS_NON_ADAPTIVE_FLOW, &flow_id_)) { DWORD err = ::GetLastError(); if (err == ERROR_DEVICE_REINITIALIZATION_NEEDED) { // Reset. PrepareForSend is called for every packet. Once RequestHandle // completes asynchronously the next PrepareForSend call will re-register // the address with the new QoS Handle. In the meantime, sends will // continue without DSCP. RequestHandle(); configured_.clear(); flow_id_ = 0; return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE; } return MapSystemError(err); } if (new_flow) { DWORD buf = dscp_value_; // This requires admin rights, and may fail, if so we ignore it // as AddSocketToFlow should still do *approximately* the right thing. api_->SetFlow(qos_handle_, flow_id_, QOSSetOutgoingDSCPValue, sizeof(buf), &buf, 0, nullptr); } return OK; } void DscpManager::RequestHandle() { if (handle_is_initializing_) return; if (qos_handle_) { api_->CloseHandle(qos_handle_); qos_handle_ = nullptr; } handle_is_initializing_ = true; base::ThreadPool::PostTaskAndReplyWithResult( FROM_HERE, {base::MayBlock()}, base::BindOnce(&DscpManager::DoCreateHandle, api_), base::BindOnce(&DscpManager::OnHandleCreated, api_, weak_ptr_factory_.GetWeakPtr())); } HANDLE DscpManager::DoCreateHandle(QwaveApi* api) { QOS_VERSION version; version.MajorVersion = 1; version.MinorVersion = 0; HANDLE handle = nullptr; // No access to net_log_ so swallow any errors here. api->CreateHandle(&version, &handle); return handle; } void DscpManager::OnHandleCreated(QwaveApi* api, base::WeakPtr dscp_manager, HANDLE handle) { if (!handle) api->OnFatalError(); if (!dscp_manager) { api->CloseHandle(handle); return; } DCHECK(dscp_manager->handle_is_initializing_); DCHECK(!dscp_manager->qos_handle_); dscp_manager->qos_handle_ = handle; dscp_manager->handle_is_initializing_ = false; } } // namespace net