// Copyright (c) 2016 The vulkano developers
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT
// license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
// according to those terms.

use super::{FullScreenExclusive, Win32Monitor};
use crate::{
    cache::OnceCache,
    format::Format,
    image::ImageUsage,
    instance::Instance,
    macros::{impl_id_counter, vulkan_bitflags_enum, vulkan_enum},
    swapchain::{
        display::{DisplayMode, DisplayPlane},
        SurfaceSwapchainLock,
    },
    OomError, RequiresOneOf, VulkanError, VulkanObject,
};

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
use objc::{class, msg_send, runtime::Object, sel, sel_impl};

use std::{
    any::Any,
    error::Error,
    fmt::{Debug, Display, Error as FmtError, Formatter},
    mem::MaybeUninit,
    num::NonZeroU64,
    ptr,
    sync::{atomic::AtomicBool, Arc},
};

/// Represents a surface on the screen.
///
/// Creating a `Surface` is platform-specific.
pub struct Surface {
    handle: ash::vk::SurfaceKHR,
    instance: Arc<Instance>,
    id: NonZeroU64,
    api: SurfaceApi,
    object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    // If true, a swapchain has been associated to this surface, and that any new swapchain
    // creation should be forbidden.
    has_swapchain: AtomicBool,
    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    metal_layer: IOSMetalLayer,

    // Data queried by the user at runtime, cached for faster lookups.
    // This is stored here rather than on `PhysicalDevice` to ensure that it's freed when the
    // `Surface` is destroyed.
    pub(crate) surface_formats:
        OnceCache<(ash::vk::PhysicalDevice, SurfaceInfo), Vec<(Format, ColorSpace)>>,
    pub(crate) surface_present_modes: OnceCache<ash::vk::PhysicalDevice, Vec<PresentMode>>,
    pub(crate) surface_support: OnceCache<(ash::vk::PhysicalDevice, u32), bool>,
}

impl Surface {
    /// Creates a `Surface` from a raw handle.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `handle` must be a valid Vulkan object handle created from `instance`.
    /// - `handle` must have been created from `api`.
    /// - The window object that `handle` was created from must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_handle(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        handle: ash::vk::SurfaceKHR,
        api: SurfaceApi,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Self {
        Surface {
            handle,
            instance,
            id: Self::next_id(),
            api,
            object,
            has_swapchain: AtomicBool::new(false),
            #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
            metal_layer: IOSMetalLayer::new(std::ptr::null_mut(), std::ptr::null_mut()),
            surface_formats: OnceCache::new(),
            surface_present_modes: OnceCache::new(),
            surface_support: OnceCache::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` with no backing window or display.
    ///
    /// Presenting to a headless surface does nothing, so this is mostly useless in itself. However,
    /// it may be useful for testing, and it is available for future extensions to layer on top of.
    pub fn headless(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_headless(&instance)?;

        unsafe { Ok(Self::headless_unchecked(instance, object)?) }
    }

    fn validate_headless(instance: &Instance) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().ext_headless_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::headless`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["ext_headless_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn headless_unchecked(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::HeadlessSurfaceCreateInfoEXT {
            flags: ash::vk::HeadlessSurfaceCreateFlagsEXT::empty(),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.ext_headless_surface.create_headless_surface_ext)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Headless,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a `DisplayPlane`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// - Panics if `display_mode` and `plane` don't belong to the same physical device.
    /// - Panics if `plane` doesn't support the display of `display_mode`.
    pub fn from_display_plane(
        display_mode: &DisplayMode,
        plane: &DisplayPlane,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_display_plane(display_mode, plane)?;

        unsafe { Ok(Self::from_display_plane_unchecked(display_mode, plane)?) }
    }

    fn validate_from_display_plane(
        display_mode: &DisplayMode,
        plane: &DisplayPlane,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !display_mode
            .display()
            .physical_device()
            .instance()
            .enabled_extensions()
            .khr_display
        {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_display_plane`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_display"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        assert_eq!(
            display_mode.display().physical_device(),
            plane.physical_device()
        );
        assert!(plane.supports(display_mode.display()));

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_display_plane_unchecked(
        display_mode: &DisplayMode,
        plane: &DisplayPlane,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let instance = display_mode.display().physical_device().instance();

        let create_info = ash::vk::DisplaySurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::DisplaySurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            display_mode: display_mode.handle(),
            plane_index: plane.index(),
            plane_stack_index: 0, // FIXME: plane.properties.currentStackIndex,
            transform: ash::vk::SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR::IDENTITY, // TODO: let user choose
            global_alpha: 0.0,    // TODO: let user choose
            alpha_mode: ash::vk::DisplayPlaneAlphaFlagsKHR::OPAQUE, // TODO: let user choose
            image_extent: ash::vk::Extent2D {
                // TODO: let user choose
                width: display_mode.visible_region()[0],
                height: display_mode.visible_region()[1],
            },
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_display.create_display_plane_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance.clone(),
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::DisplayPlane,
            None,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from an Android window.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `window` must be a valid Android `ANativeWindow` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `window` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_android<W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_android(&instance, window)?;

        Ok(Self::from_android_unchecked(instance, window, object)?)
    }

    fn validate_from_android<W>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _window: *const W,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().khr_android_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_android`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_android_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkAndroidSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-window-01248
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_android_unchecked<W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::AndroidSurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::AndroidSurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            window: window as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_android_surface.create_android_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Android,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a DirectFB surface.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `dfb` must be a valid DirectFB `IDirectFB` handle.
    /// - `surface` must be a valid DirectFB `IDirectFBSurface` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `dfb` and `surface` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_directfb<D, S>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        dfb: *const D,
        surface: *const S,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_directfb(&instance, dfb, surface)?;

        Ok(Self::from_directfb_unchecked(
            instance, dfb, surface, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_directfb<D, S>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _dfb: *const D,
        _surface: *const S,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().ext_directfb_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_directfb`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["ext_directfb_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkDirectFBSurfaceCreateInfoEXT-dfb-04117
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkDirectFBSurfaceCreateInfoEXT-surface-04118
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_directfb_unchecked<D, S>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        dfb: *const D,
        surface: *const S,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::DirectFBSurfaceCreateInfoEXT {
            flags: ash::vk::DirectFBSurfaceCreateFlagsEXT::empty(),
            dfb: dfb as *mut _,
            surface: surface as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.ext_directfb_surface.create_direct_fb_surface_ext)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::DirectFB,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from an Fuchsia ImagePipe.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `image_pipe_handle` must be a valid Fuchsia `zx_handle_t` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `image_pipe_handle` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_fuchsia_image_pipe(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        image_pipe_handle: ash::vk::zx_handle_t,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_fuchsia_image_pipe(&instance, image_pipe_handle)?;

        Ok(Self::from_fuchsia_image_pipe_unchecked(
            instance,
            image_pipe_handle,
            object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_fuchsia_image_pipe(
        instance: &Instance,
        _image_pipe_handle: ash::vk::zx_handle_t,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().fuchsia_imagepipe_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_fuchsia_image_pipe`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["fuchsia_imagepipe_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkImagePipeSurfaceCreateInfoFUCHSIA-imagePipeHandle-04863
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_fuchsia_image_pipe_unchecked(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        image_pipe_handle: ash::vk::zx_handle_t,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::ImagePipeSurfaceCreateInfoFUCHSIA {
            flags: ash::vk::ImagePipeSurfaceCreateFlagsFUCHSIA::empty(),
            image_pipe_handle,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.fuchsia_imagepipe_surface
                .create_image_pipe_surface_fuchsia)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::FuchsiaImagePipe,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a Google Games Platform stream descriptor.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `stream_descriptor` must be a valid Google Games Platform `GgpStreamDescriptor` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `stream_descriptor` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_ggp_stream_descriptor(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        stream_descriptor: ash::vk::GgpStreamDescriptor,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_ggp_stream_descriptor(&instance, stream_descriptor)?;

        Ok(Self::from_ggp_stream_descriptor_unchecked(
            instance,
            stream_descriptor,
            object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_ggp_stream_descriptor(
        instance: &Instance,
        _stream_descriptor: ash::vk::GgpStreamDescriptor,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().ggp_stream_descriptor_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_ggp_stream_descriptor`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["ggp_stream_descriptor_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkStreamDescriptorSurfaceCreateInfoGGP-streamDescriptor-02681
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_ggp_stream_descriptor_unchecked(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        stream_descriptor: ash::vk::GgpStreamDescriptor,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::StreamDescriptorSurfaceCreateInfoGGP {
            flags: ash::vk::StreamDescriptorSurfaceCreateFlagsGGP::empty(),
            stream_descriptor,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.ggp_stream_descriptor_surface
                .create_stream_descriptor_surface_ggp)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::GgpStreamDescriptor,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from an iOS `UIView`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `metal_layer` must be a valid `IOSMetalLayer` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `metal_layer` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    /// - The `UIView` must be backed by a `CALayer` instance of type `CAMetalLayer`.
    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    pub unsafe fn from_ios(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        metal_layer: IOSMetalLayer,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_ios(&instance, &metal_layer)?;

        Ok(Self::from_ios_unchecked(instance, metal_layer, object)?)
    }

    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    fn validate_from_ios(
        instance: &Instance,
        _metal_layer: &IOSMetalLayer,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().mvk_ios_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_ios`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["mvk_ios_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkIOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK-pView-04143
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkIOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK-pView-01316
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_ios_unchecked(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        metal_layer: IOSMetalLayer,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::IOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK {
            flags: ash::vk::IOSSurfaceCreateFlagsMVK::empty(),
            p_view: metal_layer.render_layer.0 as *const _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.mvk_ios_surface.create_ios_surface_mvk)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Ios,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a MacOS `NSView`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `view` must be a valid `CAMetalLayer` or `NSView` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `view` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    /// - The `NSView` must be backed by a `CALayer` instance of type `CAMetalLayer`.
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    pub unsafe fn from_mac_os<V>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        view: *const V,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_mac_os(&instance, view)?;

        Ok(Self::from_mac_os_unchecked(instance, view, object)?)
    }

    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    fn validate_from_mac_os<V>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _view: *const V,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().mvk_macos_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_mac_os`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["mvk_macos_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkMacOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK-pView-04144
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkMacOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK-pView-01317
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_mac_os_unchecked<V>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        view: *const V,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::MacOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK {
            flags: ash::vk::MacOSSurfaceCreateFlagsMVK::empty(),
            p_view: view as *const _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.mvk_macos_surface.create_mac_os_surface_mvk)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::MacOs,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a Metal `CAMetalLayer`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `layer` must be a valid Metal `CAMetalLayer` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `layer` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_metal<L>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        layer: *const L,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_metal(&instance, layer)?;

        Ok(Self::from_metal_unchecked(instance, layer, object)?)
    }

    fn validate_from_metal<L>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _layer: *const L,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().ext_metal_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_metal`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["ext_metal_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_metal_unchecked<L>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        layer: *const L,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::MetalSurfaceCreateInfoEXT {
            flags: ash::vk::MetalSurfaceCreateFlagsEXT::empty(),
            p_layer: layer as *const _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.ext_metal_surface.create_metal_surface_ext)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Metal,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a QNX Screen window.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `context` must be a valid QNX Screen `_screen_context` handle.
    /// - `window` must be a valid QNX Screen `_screen_window` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `window` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_qnx_screen<C, W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        context: *const C,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_qnx_screen(&instance, context, window)?;

        Ok(Self::from_qnx_screen_unchecked(
            instance, context, window, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_qnx_screen<C, W>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _context: *const C,
        _window: *const W,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().qnx_screen_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_qnx_screen`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["qnx_screen_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkScreenSurfaceCreateInfoQNX-context-04741
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkScreenSurfaceCreateInfoQNX-window-04742
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_qnx_screen_unchecked<C, W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        context: *const C,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::ScreenSurfaceCreateInfoQNX {
            flags: ash::vk::ScreenSurfaceCreateFlagsQNX::empty(),
            context: context as *mut _,
            window: window as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.qnx_screen_surface.create_screen_surface_qnx)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Qnx,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a `code:nn::code:vi::code:Layer`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `window` must be a valid `nn::vi::NativeWindowHandle` handle.
    /// - The object referred to by `window` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_vi<W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_vi(&instance, window)?;

        Ok(Self::from_vi_unchecked(instance, window, object)?)
    }

    fn validate_from_vi<W>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _window: *const W,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().nn_vi_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_vi`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["nn_vi_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkViSurfaceCreateInfoNN-window-01318
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_vi_unchecked<W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        window: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::ViSurfaceCreateInfoNN {
            flags: ash::vk::ViSurfaceCreateFlagsNN::empty(),
            window: window as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.nn_vi_surface.create_vi_surface_nn)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Vi,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a Wayland window.
    ///
    /// The window's dimensions will be set to the size of the swapchain.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `display` must be a valid Wayland `wl_display` handle.
    /// - `surface` must be a valid Wayland `wl_surface` handle.
    /// - The objects referred to by `display` and `surface` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_wayland<D, S>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        display: *const D,
        surface: *const S,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_wayland(&instance, display, surface)?;

        Ok(Self::from_wayland_unchecked(
            instance, display, surface, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_wayland<D, S>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _display: *const D,
        _surface: *const S,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().khr_wayland_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_wayland`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_wayland_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkWaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-display-01304
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkWaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-surface-01305
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_wayland_unchecked<D, S>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        display: *const D,
        surface: *const S,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::WaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::WaylandSurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            display: display as *mut _,
            surface: surface as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_wayland_surface.create_wayland_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Wayland,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from a Win32 window.
    ///
    /// The surface's min, max and current extent will always match the window's dimensions.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `hinstance` must be a valid Win32 `HINSTANCE` handle.
    /// - `hwnd` must be a valid Win32 `HWND` handle.
    /// - The objects referred to by `hwnd` and `hinstance` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_win32<I, W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        hinstance: *const I,
        hwnd: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_win32(&instance, hinstance, hwnd)?;

        Ok(Self::from_win32_unchecked(
            instance, hinstance, hwnd, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_win32<I, W>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _hinstance: *const I,
        _hwnd: *const W,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().khr_win32_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_win32`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_win32_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR-hinstance-01307
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR-hwnd-01308
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_win32_unchecked<I, W>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        hinstance: *const I,
        hwnd: *const W,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::Win32SurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            hinstance: hinstance as *mut _,
            hwnd: hwnd as *mut _,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_win32_surface.create_win32_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Win32,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from an XCB window.
    ///
    /// The surface's min, max and current extent will always match the window's dimensions.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `connection` must be a valid X11 `xcb_connection_t` handle.
    /// - `window` must be a valid X11 `xcb_window_t` handle.
    /// - The objects referred to by `connection` and `window` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_xcb<C>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        connection: *const C,
        window: ash::vk::xcb_window_t,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_xcb(&instance, connection, window)?;

        Ok(Self::from_xcb_unchecked(
            instance, connection, window, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_xcb<C>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _connection: *const C,
        _window: ash::vk::xcb_window_t,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().khr_xcb_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_xcb`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_xcb_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkXcbSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-connection-01310
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkXcbSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-window-01311
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_xcb_unchecked<C>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        connection: *const C,
        window: ash::vk::xcb_window_t,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::XcbSurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::XcbSurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            connection: connection as *mut _,
            window,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_xcb_surface.create_xcb_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Xcb,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Creates a `Surface` from an Xlib window.
    ///
    /// The surface's min, max and current extent will always match the window's dimensions.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// - `display` must be a valid Xlib `Display` handle.
    /// - `window` must be a valid Xlib `Window` handle.
    /// - The objects referred to by `display` and `window` must outlive the created `Surface`.
    ///   The `object` parameter can be used to ensure this.
    pub unsafe fn from_xlib<D>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        display: *const D,
        window: ash::vk::Window,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, SurfaceCreationError> {
        Self::validate_from_xlib(&instance, display, window)?;

        Ok(Self::from_xlib_unchecked(
            instance, display, window, object,
        )?)
    }

    fn validate_from_xlib<D>(
        instance: &Instance,
        _display: *const D,
        _window: ash::vk::Window,
    ) -> Result<(), SurfaceCreationError> {
        if !instance.enabled_extensions().khr_xlib_surface {
            return Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for: "`Surface::from_xlib`",
                requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf {
                    instance_extensions: &["khr_xlib_surface"],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            });
        }

        // VUID-VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-dpy-01313
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        // VUID-VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR-window-01314
        // Can't validate, therefore unsafe

        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "document_unchecked"), doc(hidden))]
    pub unsafe fn from_xlib_unchecked<D>(
        instance: Arc<Instance>,
        display: *const D,
        window: ash::vk::Window,
        object: Option<Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Result<Arc<Self>, VulkanError> {
        let create_info = ash::vk::XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
            flags: ash::vk::XlibSurfaceCreateFlagsKHR::empty(),
            dpy: display as *mut _,
            window,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let handle = {
            let fns = instance.fns();
            let mut output = MaybeUninit::uninit();
            (fns.khr_xlib_surface.create_xlib_surface_khr)(
                instance.handle(),
                &create_info,
                ptr::null(),
                output.as_mut_ptr(),
            )
            .result()
            .map_err(VulkanError::from)?;
            output.assume_init()
        };

        Ok(Arc::new(Self::from_handle(
            instance,
            handle,
            SurfaceApi::Xlib,
            object,
        )))
    }

    /// Returns the instance this surface was created with.
    #[inline]
    pub fn instance(&self) -> &Arc<Instance> {
        &self.instance
    }

    /// Returns the windowing API that was used to construct the surface.
    #[inline]
    pub fn api(&self) -> SurfaceApi {
        self.api
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the `object` parameter that was passed when creating the
    /// surface.
    #[inline]
    pub fn object(&self) -> Option<&Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>> {
        self.object.as_ref()
    }

    /// Resizes the sublayer bounds on iOS.
    /// It may not be necessary if original window size matches device's, but often it does not.
    /// Thus this should be called after a resize has occurred abd swapchain has been recreated.
    ///
    /// On iOS, we've created CAMetalLayer as a sublayer. However, when the view changes size,
    /// its sublayers are not automatically resized, and we must resize
    /// it here.
    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn update_ios_sublayer_on_resize(&self) {
        use core_graphics_types::geometry::CGRect;
        let class = class!(CAMetalLayer);
        let main_layer: *mut Object = self.metal_layer.main_layer.0;
        let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![main_layer, bounds];
        let render_layer: *mut Object = self.metal_layer.render_layer.0;
        let () = msg_send![render_layer, setFrame: bounds];
    }
}

impl Drop for Surface {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        unsafe {
            let fns = self.instance.fns();
            (fns.khr_surface.destroy_surface_khr)(self.instance.handle(), self.handle, ptr::null());
        }
    }
}

unsafe impl VulkanObject for Surface {
    type Handle = ash::vk::SurfaceKHR;

    #[inline]
    fn handle(&self) -> Self::Handle {
        self.handle
    }
}

impl_id_counter!(Surface);

impl Debug for Surface {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), FmtError> {
        let Self {
            handle,
            instance,
            api,
            object: _,
            has_swapchain,
            ..
        } = self;

        f.debug_struct("Surface")
            .field("handle", handle)
            .field("instance", instance)
            .field("api", api)
            .field("window", &())
            .field("has_swapchain", &has_swapchain)
            .finish()
    }
}

unsafe impl SurfaceSwapchainLock for Surface {
    #[inline]
    fn flag(&self) -> &AtomicBool {
        &self.has_swapchain
    }
}

/// Error that can happen when creating a debug callback.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum SurfaceCreationError {
    /// Not enough memory.
    OomError(OomError),

    RequirementNotMet {
        required_for: &'static str,
        requires_one_of: RequiresOneOf,
    },
}

impl Error for SurfaceCreationError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            SurfaceCreationError::OomError(err) => Some(err),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

impl Display for SurfaceCreationError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), FmtError> {
        match self {
            Self::OomError(_) => write!(f, "not enough memory available"),
            Self::RequirementNotMet {
                required_for,
                requires_one_of,
            } => write!(
                f,
                "a requirement was not met for: {}; requires one of: {}",
                required_for, requires_one_of,
            ),
        }
    }
}

impl From<OomError> for SurfaceCreationError {
    fn from(err: OomError) -> SurfaceCreationError {
        SurfaceCreationError::OomError(err)
    }
}

impl From<VulkanError> for SurfaceCreationError {
    fn from(err: VulkanError) -> SurfaceCreationError {
        match err {
            err @ VulkanError::OutOfHostMemory => {
                SurfaceCreationError::OomError(OomError::from(err))
            }
            err @ VulkanError::OutOfDeviceMemory => {
                SurfaceCreationError::OomError(OomError::from(err))
            }
            _ => panic!("unexpected error: {:?}", err),
        }
    }
}

/// The windowing API that was used to construct a surface.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum SurfaceApi {
    Headless,
    DisplayPlane,

    // Alphabetical order
    Android,
    DirectFB,
    FuchsiaImagePipe,
    GgpStreamDescriptor,
    Ios,
    MacOs,
    Metal,
    Qnx,
    Vi,
    Wayland,
    Win32,
    Xcb,
    Xlib,
}

vulkan_enum! {
    #[non_exhaustive]

    /// The mode of action when a swapchain image is presented.
    ///
    /// Swapchain images can be in one of three possible states:
    /// - Exactly one image is currently displayed on the screen.
    /// - Zero or more are acquired by the application, or available to be acquired.
    /// - Some may be held inside the presentation engine waiting to be displayed. The present mode
    ///   concerns the behaviour of this category, and by extension, which images are left over for
    ///   acquiring.
    ///
    /// The present mode affects what is commonly known as "vertical sync" or "vsync" for short.
    /// The `Immediate` mode is equivalent to disabling vertical sync, while the others enable
    /// vertical sync in various forms. An important aspect of the present modes is their potential
    /// *latency*: the time between when an image is presented, and when it actually appears on
    /// the display.
    ///
    /// Only `Fifo` is guaranteed to be supported on every device. For the others, you must call
    /// [`surface_present_modes`] to see if they are supported.
    ///
    /// [`surface_present_modes`]: crate::device::physical::PhysicalDevice::surface_present_modes
    PresentMode = PresentModeKHR(i32);

    /// The presentation engine holds only the currently displayed image. When presenting an image,
    /// the currently displayed image is immediately replaced with the presented image. The old
    /// image will be available for future acquire operations.
    ///
    /// This mode has the lowest latency of all present modes, but if the display is not in a
    /// vertical blanking period when the image is replaced, a tear will be visible.
    Immediate = IMMEDIATE,

    /// The presentation engine holds the currently displayed image, and optionally another in a
    /// waiting slot. The presentation engine waits until the next vertical blanking period, then
    /// removes any image from the waiting slot and displays it. Tearing will never be visible.
    /// When presenting an image, it is stored in the waiting slot. Any previous entry
    /// in the slot is discarded, and will be available for future acquire operations.
    ///
    /// Latency is relatively low with this mode, and will never be longer than the time between
    /// vertical blanking periods. However, if a previous image in the waiting slot is discarded,
    /// the work that went into producing that image was wasted.
    ///
    /// With two swapchain images, this mode behaves essentially identical to `Fifo`: once both
    /// images are held in the presentation engine, no images can be acquired until one is finished
    /// displaying. But with three or more swapchain images, any images beyond those two are always
    /// available to acquire.
    Mailbox = MAILBOX,

    /// The presentation engine holds the currently displayed image, and a queue of waiting images.
    /// When presenting an image, it is added to the tail of the queue, after previously presented
    /// images. The presentation engine waits until the next vertical blanking period, then removes
    /// an image from the head of the queue and displays it. Tearing will never be visible. Images
    /// become available for future acquire operations only after they have been displayed.
    ///
    /// This mode is guaranteed to be always supported. It is possible for all swapchain images to
    /// end up being held by the presentation engine, either being displayed or in the queue. When
    /// that happens, no images can be acquired until one is finished displaying. This can be used
    /// to limit the presentation rate to the display frame rate. Latency is bounded only by the
    /// number of images in the swapchain.
    ///
    /// This is the equivalent of OpenGL's `SwapInterval` with a value of 1.
    Fifo = FIFO,

    /// Similar to `Fifo`, but with the ability for images to "skip the queue" if presentation is
    /// lagging behind the display frame rate. If the queue is empty and a vertical blanking period
    /// has already passed since the previous image was displayed, then the currently displayed
    /// image is immediately replaced with the presented image, as in `Immediate`.
    ///
    /// This mode has high latency if images are presented faster than the display frame rate,
    /// as they will accumulate in the queue. But the latency is low if images are presented slower
    /// than the display frame rate. However, slower presentation can result in visible tearing.
    ///
    /// This is the equivalent of OpenGL's `SwapInterval` with a value of -1.
    FifoRelaxed = FIFO_RELAXED,

    /* TODO: enable
    // TODO: document
    SharedDemandRefresh = SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR {
        device_extensions: [khr_shared_presentable_image],
    },*/

    /* TODO: enable
    // TODO: document
    SharedContinuousRefresh = SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR {
        device_extensions: [khr_shared_presentable_image],
    },*/
}

vulkan_bitflags_enum! {
    #[non_exhaustive]

    /// A set of [`SurfaceTransform`] values.
    SurfaceTransforms,

    /// The presentation transform to apply when presenting a swapchain image to a surface.
    SurfaceTransform,

    = SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR(u32);

    /// Don't transform the image.
    IDENTITY, Identity = IDENTITY,

    /// Rotate 90 degrees.
    ROTATE_90, Rotate90 = ROTATE_90,

    /// Rotate 180 degrees.
    ROTATE_180, Rotate180 = ROTATE_180,

    /// Rotate 270 degrees.
    ROTATE_270, Rotate270 = ROTATE_270,

    /// Mirror the image horizontally.
    HORIZONTAL_MIRROR, HorizontalMirror = HORIZONTAL_MIRROR,

    /// Mirror the image horizontally and rotate 90 degrees.
    HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_90, HorizontalMirrorRotate90 = HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_90,

    /// Mirror the image horizontally and rotate 180 degrees.
    HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_180, HorizontalMirrorRotate180 = HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_180,

    /// Mirror the image horizontally and rotate 270 degrees.
    HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_270, HorizontalMirrorRotate270 = HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_270,

    /// Let the operating system or driver implementation choose.
    INHERIT, Inherit = INHERIT,
}

impl Default for SurfaceTransform {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> SurfaceTransform {
        SurfaceTransform::Identity
    }
}

vulkan_bitflags_enum! {
    #[non_exhaustive]

    /// A set of [`CompositeAlpha`] values.
    CompositeAlphas,

    /// How the alpha values of the pixels of the window are treated.
    CompositeAlpha,

    = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR(u32);

    /// The alpha channel of the image is ignored. All the pixels are considered as if they have a
    /// value of 1.0.
    OPAQUE, Opaque = OPAQUE,

    /// The alpha channel of the image is respected. The color channels are expected to have
    /// already been multiplied by the alpha value.
    PRE_MULTIPLIED, PreMultiplied = PRE_MULTIPLIED,

    /// The alpha channel of the image is respected. The color channels will be multiplied by the
    /// alpha value by the compositor before being added to what is behind.
    POST_MULTIPLIED, PostMultiplied = POST_MULTIPLIED,

    /// Let the operating system or driver implementation choose.
    INHERIT, Inherit = INHERIT,
}

vulkan_enum! {
    #[non_exhaustive]

    /// How the presentation engine should interpret the data.
    ///
    /// # A quick lesson about color spaces
    ///
    /// ## What is a color space?
    ///
    /// Each pixel of a monitor is made of three components: one red, one green, and one blue. In
    /// the past, computers would simply send to the monitor the intensity of each of the three
    /// components.
    ///
    /// This proved to be problematic, because depending on the brand of the monitor the colors
    /// would not exactly be the same. For example on some monitors, a value of `[1.0, 0.0, 0.0]`
    /// would be a
    /// bit more orange than on others.
    ///
    /// In order to standardize this, there exist what are called *color spaces*: sRGB, AdobeRGB,
    /// DCI-P3, scRGB, etc. When you manipulate RGB values in a specific color space, these values
    /// have a precise absolute meaning in terms of color, that is the same across all systems and
    /// monitors.
    ///
    /// > **Note**: Color spaces are orthogonal to concept of RGB. *RGB* only indicates what is the
    /// > representation of the data, but not how it is interpreted. You can think of this a bit
    /// > like text encoding. An *RGB* value is a like a byte, in other words it is the medium by
    /// > which values are communicated, and a *color space* is like a text encoding (eg. UTF-8),
    /// > in other words it is the way the value should be interpreted.
    ///
    /// The most commonly used color space today is sRGB. Most monitors today use this color space,
    /// and most images files are encoded in this color space.
    ///
    /// ## Pixel formats and linear vs non-linear
    ///
    /// In Vulkan all images have a specific format in which the data is stored. The data of an
    /// image consists of pixels in RGB but contains no information about the color space (or lack
    /// thereof) of these pixels. You are free to store them in whatever color space you want.
    ///
    /// But one big practical problem with color spaces is that they are sometimes not linear, and
    /// in particular the popular sRGB color space is not linear. In a non-linear color space, a
    /// value of `[0.6, 0.6, 0.6]` for example is **not** twice as bright as a value of `[0.3, 0.3,
    /// 0.3]`. This is problematic, because operations such as taking the average of two colors or
    /// calculating the lighting of a texture with a dot product are mathematically incorrect and
    /// will produce incorrect colors.
    ///
    /// > **Note**: If the texture format has an alpha component, it is not affected by the color
    /// > space and always behaves linearly.
    ///
    /// In order to solve this Vulkan also provides image formats with the `Srgb` suffix, which are
    /// expected to contain RGB data in the sRGB color space. When you sample an image with such a
    /// format from a shader, the implementation will automatically turn the pixel values into a
    /// linear color space that is suitable for linear operations (such as additions or
    /// multiplications). When you write to a framebuffer attachment with such a format, the
    /// implementation will automatically perform the opposite conversion. These conversions are
    /// most of the time performed by the hardware and incur no additional cost.
    ///
    /// ## Color space of the swapchain
    ///
    /// The color space that you specify when you create a swapchain is how the implementation will
    /// interpret the raw data inside of the image.
    ///
    /// > **Note**: The implementation can choose to send the data in the swapchain image directly
    /// > to the monitor, but it can also choose to write it in an intermediary buffer that is then
    /// > read by the operating system or windowing system. Therefore the color space that the
    /// > implementation supports is not necessarily the same as the one supported by the monitor.
    ///
    /// It is *your* job to ensure that the data in the swapchain image is in the color space
    /// that is specified here, otherwise colors will be incorrect. The implementation will never
    /// perform any additional automatic conversion after the colors have been written to the
    /// swapchain image.
    ///
    /// # How do I handle this correctly?
    ///
    /// The easiest way to handle color spaces in a cross-platform program is:
    ///
    /// - Always request the `SrgbNonLinear` color space when creating the swapchain.
    /// - Make sure that all your image files use the sRGB color space, and load them in images
    ///   whose format has the `Srgb` suffix. Only use non-sRGB image formats for intermediary
    ///   computations or to store non-color data.
    /// - Swapchain images should have a format with the `Srgb` suffix.
    ///
    /// > **Note**: Lots of developers are confused by color spaces. You can sometimes find articles
    /// > talking about gamma correction and suggestion to put your colors to the power 2.2 for
    /// > example. These are all hacks and you should use the sRGB pixel formats instead.
    ///
    /// If you follow these three rules, then everything should render the same way on all
    /// platforms.
    ///
    /// Additionally you can try detect whether the implementation supports any additional color
    /// space and perform a manual conversion to that color space from inside your shader.
    ColorSpace = ColorSpaceKHR(i32);

    // TODO: document
    SrgbNonLinear = SRGB_NONLINEAR,

    // TODO: document
    DisplayP3NonLinear = DISPLAY_P3_NONLINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    ExtendedSrgbLinear = EXTENDED_SRGB_LINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    ExtendedSrgbNonLinear = EXTENDED_SRGB_NONLINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    DisplayP3Linear = DISPLAY_P3_LINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    DciP3NonLinear = DCI_P3_NONLINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    Bt709Linear = BT709_LINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    Bt709NonLinear = BT709_NONLINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    Bt2020Linear = BT2020_LINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    Hdr10St2084 = HDR10_ST2084_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    DolbyVision = DOLBYVISION_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    Hdr10Hlg = HDR10_HLG_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    AdobeRgbLinear = ADOBERGB_LINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    AdobeRgbNonLinear = ADOBERGB_NONLINEAR_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    PassThrough = PASS_THROUGH_EXT {
        instance_extensions: [ext_swapchain_colorspace],
    },

    // TODO: document
    DisplayNative = DISPLAY_NATIVE_AMD {
        device_extensions: [amd_display_native_hdr],
    },
}

/// Parameters for [`PhysicalDevice::surface_capabilities`] and [`PhysicalDevice::surface_formats`].
///
/// [`PhysicalDevice::surface_capabilities`]: crate::device::physical::PhysicalDevice::surface_capabilities
/// [`PhysicalDevice::surface_formats`]: crate::device::physical::PhysicalDevice::surface_formats
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct SurfaceInfo {
    pub full_screen_exclusive: FullScreenExclusive,
    pub win32_monitor: Option<Win32Monitor>,
    pub _ne: crate::NonExhaustive,
}

impl Default for SurfaceInfo {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            full_screen_exclusive: FullScreenExclusive::Default,
            win32_monitor: None,
            _ne: crate::NonExhaustive(()),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
struct LayerHandle(*mut Object);

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
unsafe impl Send for LayerHandle {}

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
unsafe impl Sync for LayerHandle {}

/// Represents the metal layer for IOS
#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
pub struct IOSMetalLayer {
    main_layer: LayerHandle,
    render_layer: LayerHandle,
}

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
impl IOSMetalLayer {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(main_layer: *mut Object, render_layer: *mut Object) -> Self {
        Self {
            main_layer: LayerHandle(main_layer),
            render_layer: LayerHandle(render_layer),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
unsafe impl Send for IOSMetalLayer {}

#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
unsafe impl Sync for IOSMetalLayer {}

/// The capabilities of a surface when used by a physical device.
///
/// You have to match these capabilities when you create a swapchain.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct SurfaceCapabilities {
    /// Minimum number of images that must be present in the swapchain.
    pub min_image_count: u32,

    /// Maximum number of images that must be present in the swapchain, or `None` if there is no
    /// maximum value. Note that "no maximum" doesn't mean that you can set a very high value, as
    /// you may still get out of memory errors.
    pub max_image_count: Option<u32>,

    /// The current dimensions of the surface. `None` means that the surface's dimensions will
    /// depend on the dimensions of the swapchain that you are going to create.
    pub current_extent: Option<[u32; 2]>,

    /// Minimum width and height of a swapchain that uses this surface.
    pub min_image_extent: [u32; 2],

    /// Maximum width and height of a swapchain that uses this surface.
    pub max_image_extent: [u32; 2],

    /// Maximum number of image layers if you create an image array. The minimum is 1.
    pub max_image_array_layers: u32,

    /// List of transforms supported for the swapchain.
    pub supported_transforms: SurfaceTransforms,

    /// Current transform used by the surface.
    pub current_transform: SurfaceTransform,

    /// List of composite alpha modes supports for the swapchain.
    pub supported_composite_alpha: CompositeAlphas,

    /// List of image usages that are supported for images of the swapchain. Only
    /// the `color_attachment` usage is guaranteed to be supported.
    pub supported_usage_flags: ImageUsage,

    /// Whether creating a protected swapchain is supported.
    pub supports_protected: bool,

    /// Whether full-screen exclusivity is supported.
    pub full_screen_exclusive_supported: bool,
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::{
        swapchain::{Surface, SurfaceCreationError},
        RequiresOneOf,
    };
    use std::ptr;

    #[test]
    fn khr_win32_surface_ext_missing() {
        let instance = instance!();
        match unsafe { Surface::from_win32(instance, ptr::null::<u8>(), ptr::null::<u8>(), None) } {
            Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                requires_one_of:
                    RequiresOneOf {
                        instance_extensions,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            }) if instance_extensions.contains(&"khr_win32_surface") => (),
            _ => panic!(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn khr_xcb_surface_ext_missing() {
        let instance = instance!();
        match unsafe { Surface::from_xcb(instance, ptr::null::<u8>(), 0, None) } {
            Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                requires_one_of:
                    RequiresOneOf {
                        instance_extensions,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            }) if instance_extensions.contains(&"khr_xcb_surface") => (),
            _ => panic!(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn khr_xlib_surface_ext_missing() {
        let instance = instance!();
        match unsafe { Surface::from_xlib(instance, ptr::null::<u8>(), 0, None) } {
            Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                requires_one_of:
                    RequiresOneOf {
                        instance_extensions,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            }) if instance_extensions.contains(&"khr_xlib_surface") => (),
            _ => panic!(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn khr_wayland_surface_ext_missing() {
        let instance = instance!();
        match unsafe { Surface::from_wayland(instance, ptr::null::<u8>(), ptr::null::<u8>(), None) }
        {
            Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                requires_one_of:
                    RequiresOneOf {
                        instance_extensions,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            }) if instance_extensions.contains(&"khr_wayland_surface") => (),
            _ => panic!(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn khr_android_surface_ext_missing() {
        let instance = instance!();
        match unsafe { Surface::from_android(instance, ptr::null::<u8>(), None) } {
            Err(SurfaceCreationError::RequirementNotMet {
                requires_one_of:
                    RequiresOneOf {
                        instance_extensions,
                        ..
                    },
                ..
            }) if instance_extensions.contains(&"khr_android_surface") => (),
            _ => panic!(),
        }
    }
}