1*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /* -*- Mode: c; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: 1; c-basic-offset: 8; -*- */
2*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
3*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
4*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
6*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * are met:
9*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
15*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * must display the following acknowledgement:
16*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems
17*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
18*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * 4. Neither the name of the University nor of the Laboratory may be used
19*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
20*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * specific prior written permission.
21*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
22*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * SUCH DAMAGE.
33*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
34*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
35*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
36*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <config.h>
37*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif
38*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
39*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <sys/types.h>
40*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <sys/socket.h>
41*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <netinet/in.h>
42*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
43*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <net/if.h>
44*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
45*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <errno.h>
46*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <stdio.h>
47*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <stdlib.h>
48*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <string.h>
49*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include <ifaddrs.h>
50*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
51*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include "pcap-int.h"
52*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
53*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H
54*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #include "os-proto.h"
55*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif
56*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
57*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
58*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * We don't do this on Solaris 11 and later, as it appears there aren't
59*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * any AF_PACKET addresses on interfaces, so we don't need this, and
60*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * we end up including both the OS's <net/bpf.h> and our <pcap/bpf.h>,
61*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * and their definitions of some data structures collide.
62*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
63*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #if (defined(linux) || defined(__Lynx__)) && defined(AF_PACKET)
64*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # ifdef HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H
65*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /* Linux distributions with newer glibc */
66*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # include <netpacket/packet.h>
67*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # else /* HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H */
68*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /* LynxOS, Linux distributions with older glibc */
69*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # ifdef __Lynx__
70*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /* LynxOS */
71*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # include <netpacket/if_packet.h>
72*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # else /* __Lynx__ */
73*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /* Linux */
74*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # include <linux/types.h>
75*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # include <linux/if_packet.h>
76*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # endif /* __Lynx__ */
77*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker # endif /* HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H */
78*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif /* (defined(linux) || defined(__Lynx__)) && defined(AF_PACKET) */
79*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
80*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
81*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * This is fun.
82*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
83*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * In older BSD systems, socket addresses were fixed-length, and
84*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * "sizeof (struct sockaddr)" gave the size of the structure.
85*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * All addresses fit within a "struct sockaddr".
86*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
87*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * In newer BSD systems, the socket address is variable-length, and
88*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * there's an "sa_len" field giving the length of the structure;
89*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * this allows socket addresses to be longer than 2 bytes of family
90*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * and 14 bytes of data.
91*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
92*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Some commercial UNIXes use the old BSD scheme, some use the RFC 2553
93*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * variant of the old BSD scheme (with "struct sockaddr_storage" rather
94*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * than "struct sockaddr"), and some use the new BSD scheme.
95*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
96*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Some versions of GNU libc use neither scheme, but has an "SA_LEN()"
97*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * macro that determines the size based on the address family. Other
98*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * versions don't have "SA_LEN()" (as it was in drafts of RFC 2553
99*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * but not in the final version). On the latter systems, we explicitly
100*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * check the AF_ type to determine the length; we assume that on
101*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * all those systems we have "struct sockaddr_storage".
102*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
103*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifndef SA_LEN
104*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
105*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #define SA_LEN(addr) ((addr)->sa_len)
106*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN */
107*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_STORAGE
108*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker static size_t
get_sa_len(struct sockaddr * addr)109*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker get_sa_len(struct sockaddr *addr)
110*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker {
111*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker switch (addr->sa_family) {
112*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
113*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef AF_INET
114*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker case AF_INET:
115*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
116*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif
117*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
118*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #ifdef AF_INET6
119*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker case AF_INET6:
120*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
121*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif
122*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
123*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #if (defined(linux) || defined(__Lynx__)) && defined(AF_PACKET)
124*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker case AF_PACKET:
125*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (sizeof (struct sockaddr_ll));
126*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif
127*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
128*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker default:
129*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (sizeof (struct sockaddr));
130*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
131*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
132*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #define SA_LEN(addr) (get_sa_len(addr))
133*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_STORAGE */
134*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #define SA_LEN(addr) (sizeof (struct sockaddr))
135*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_STORAGE */
136*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN */
137*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker #endif /* SA_LEN */
138*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
139*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
140*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Get a list of all interfaces that are up and that we can open.
141*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Returns -1 on error, 0 otherwise.
142*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * The list, as returned through "alldevsp", may be null if no interfaces
143*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * could be opened.
144*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
145*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker int
pcap_findalldevs_interfaces(pcap_if_list_t * devlistp,char * errbuf,int (* check_usable)(const char *),get_if_flags_func get_flags_func)146*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker pcap_findalldevs_interfaces(pcap_if_list_t *devlistp, char *errbuf,
147*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker int (*check_usable)(const char *), get_if_flags_func get_flags_func)
148*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker {
149*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa;
150*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker struct sockaddr *addr, *netmask, *broadaddr, *dstaddr;
151*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker size_t addr_size, broadaddr_size, dstaddr_size;
152*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker int ret = 0;
153*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker char *p, *q;
154*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
155*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
156*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Get the list of interface addresses.
157*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
158*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Note: this won't return information about interfaces
159*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * with no addresses, so, if a platform has interfaces
160*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * with no interfaces on which traffic can be captured,
161*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * we must check for those interfaces as well (see, for
162*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * example, what's done on Linux).
163*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
164*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * LAN interfaces will probably have link-layer
165*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * addresses; I don't know whether all implementations
166*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * of "getifaddrs()" now, or in the future, will return
167*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * those.
168*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
169*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (getifaddrs(&ifap) != 0) {
170*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker pcap_fmt_errmsg_for_errno(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
171*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker errno, "getifaddrs");
172*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (-1);
173*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
174*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker for (ifa = ifap; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
175*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
176*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * If this entry has a colon followed by a number at
177*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * the end, we assume it's a logical interface. Those
178*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * are just the way you assign multiple IP addresses to
179*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * a real interface on Linux, so an entry for a logical
180*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * interface should be treated like the entry for the
181*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * real interface; we do that by stripping off the ":"
182*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * and the number.
183*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
184*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * XXX - should we do this only on Linux?
185*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
186*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker p = strchr(ifa->ifa_name, ':');
187*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (p != NULL) {
188*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
189*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * We have a ":"; is it followed by a number?
190*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
191*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker q = p + 1;
192*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker while (PCAP_ISDIGIT(*q))
193*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker q++;
194*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (*q == '\0') {
195*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
196*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * All digits after the ":" until the end.
197*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Strip off the ":" and everything after
198*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * it.
199*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
200*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *p = '\0';
201*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
202*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
203*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
204*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
205*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Can we capture on this device?
206*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
207*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (!(*check_usable)(ifa->ifa_name)) {
208*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
209*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * No.
210*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
211*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker continue;
212*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
213*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
214*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
215*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * "ifa_addr" was apparently null on at least one
216*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * interface on some system. Therefore, we supply
217*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * the address and netmask only if "ifa_addr" is
218*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * non-null (if there's no address, there's obviously
219*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * no netmask).
220*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
221*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (ifa->ifa_addr != NULL) {
222*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker addr = ifa->ifa_addr;
223*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker addr_size = SA_LEN(addr);
224*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker netmask = ifa->ifa_netmask;
225*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker } else {
226*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker addr = NULL;
227*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker addr_size = 0;
228*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker netmask = NULL;
229*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
230*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
231*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
232*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Note that, on some platforms, ifa_broadaddr and
233*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * ifa_dstaddr could be the same field (true on at
234*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * least some versions of *BSD and macOS), so we
235*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * can't just check whether the broadcast address
236*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * is null and add it if so and check whether the
237*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * destination address is null and add it if so.
238*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker *
239*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Therefore, we must also check the IFF_BROADCAST
240*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * flag, and only add a broadcast address if it's
241*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * set, and check the IFF_POINTTOPOINT flag, and
242*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * only add a destination address if it's set (as
243*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * per man page recommendations on some of those
244*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * platforms).
245*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
246*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_BROADCAST &&
247*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker ifa->ifa_broadaddr != NULL) {
248*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker broadaddr = ifa->ifa_broadaddr;
249*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker broadaddr_size = SA_LEN(broadaddr);
250*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker } else {
251*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker broadaddr = NULL;
252*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker broadaddr_size = 0;
253*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
254*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT &&
255*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker ifa->ifa_dstaddr != NULL) {
256*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker dstaddr = ifa->ifa_dstaddr;
257*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker dstaddr_size = SA_LEN(ifa->ifa_dstaddr);
258*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker } else {
259*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker dstaddr = NULL;
260*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker dstaddr_size = 0;
261*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
262*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
263*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker /*
264*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker * Add information for this address to the list.
265*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker */
266*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker if (add_addr_to_if(devlistp, ifa->ifa_name, ifa->ifa_flags,
267*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker get_flags_func,
268*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker addr, addr_size, netmask, addr_size,
269*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker broadaddr, broadaddr_size, dstaddr, dstaddr_size,
270*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker errbuf) < 0) {
271*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker ret = -1;
272*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker break;
273*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
274*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
275*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
276*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker freeifaddrs(ifap);
277*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker
278*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker return (ret);
279*8b26181fSAndroid Build Coastguard Worker }
280