xref: /btstack/src/ble/att_server.c (revision cbbb12d994bd0c91688de48a85bc8d2e42a809ed)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2014 BlueKitchen GmbH
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  *
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of
14  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
15  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  * 4. Any redistribution, use, or modification is done solely for
17  *    personal benefit and not for any commercial purpose or for
18  *    monetary gain.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY BLUEKITCHEN GMBH AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MATTHIAS
24  * RINGWALD OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
27  * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
30  * THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * Please inquire about commercial licensing options at
34  * [email protected]
35  *
36  */
37 
38 #define __BTSTACK_FILE__ "att_server.c"
39 
40 
41 //
42 // ATT Server Globals
43 //
44 
45 #include <stdint.h>
46 #include <stdio.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <inttypes.h>
50 
51 #include "btstack_config.h"
52 
53 #include "att_dispatch.h"
54 #include "ble/att_db.h"
55 #include "ble/att_server.h"
56 #include "ble/core.h"
57 #include "ble/le_device_db.h"
58 #include "ble/sm.h"
59 #include "btstack_debug.h"
60 #include "btstack_event.h"
61 #include "btstack_memory.h"
62 #include "btstack_run_loop.h"
63 #include "gap.h"
64 #include "hci.h"
65 #include "hci_dump.h"
66 #include "l2cap.h"
67 #include "btstack_tlv.h"
68 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
69 #include "ble/sm.h"
70 #endif
71 
72 #ifndef NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC
73 #define NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC 20
74 #endif
75 
76 static void att_run_for_context(att_server_t * att_server);
77 static att_write_callback_t att_server_write_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle);
78 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server_t * att_server);
79 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server_t * att_server);
80 
81 //
82 typedef struct {
83     uint32_t seq_nr;
84     uint16_t att_handle;
85     uint8_t  value;
86     uint8_t  device_index;
87 } persistent_ccc_entry_t;
88 
89 // global
90 static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_callback_registration;
91 static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_callback_registration;
92 static btstack_packet_handler_t               att_client_packet_handler = NULL;
93 static btstack_linked_list_t                  service_handlers;
94 static btstack_context_callback_registration_t att_client_waiting_for_can_send_registration;
95 
96 static att_read_callback_t                    att_server_client_read_callback;
97 static att_write_callback_t                   att_server_client_write_callback;
98 
99 // track CCC 1-entry cache
100 // static att_server_t *    att_persistent_ccc_server;
101 // static hci_con_handle_t  att_persistent_ccc_con_handle;
102 
103 static att_server_t * att_server_for_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
104     hci_connection_t * hci_connection = hci_connection_for_handle(con_handle);
105     if (!hci_connection) return NULL;
106     return &hci_connection->att_server;
107 }
108 
109 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
110 static att_server_t * att_server_for_state(att_server_state_t state){
111     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
112     hci_connections_get_iterator(&it);
113     while(btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
114         hci_connection_t * connection = (hci_connection_t *) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
115         att_server_t * att_server = &connection->att_server;
116         if (att_server->state == state) return att_server;
117     }
118     return NULL;
119 }
120 #endif
121 
122 static void att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(uint8_t status, uint16_t client_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle){
123     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
124 
125     uint8_t event[7];
126     int pos = 0;
127     event[pos++] = ATT_EVENT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_COMPLETE;
128     event[pos++] = sizeof(event) - 2;
129     event[pos++] = status;
130     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, client_handle);
131     pos += 2;
132     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, attribute_handle);
133     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
134 }
135 
136 static void att_emit_mtu_event(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t mtu){
137     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
138 
139     uint8_t event[6];
140     int pos = 0;
141     event[pos++] = ATT_EVENT_MTU_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE;
142     event[pos++] = sizeof(event) - 2;
143     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, con_handle);
144     pos += 2;
145     little_endian_store_16(event, pos, mtu);
146     att_dispatch_server_mtu_exchanged(con_handle, mtu);
147     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
148 }
149 
150 static void att_emit_can_send_now_event(void * context){
151     UNUSED(context);
152     if (!att_client_packet_handler) return;
153 
154     uint8_t event[] = { ATT_EVENT_CAN_SEND_NOW, 0};
155     (*att_client_packet_handler)(HCI_EVENT_PACKET, 0, &event[0], sizeof(event));
156 }
157 
158 static void att_handle_value_indication_timeout(btstack_timer_source_t *ts){
159     void * context = btstack_run_loop_get_timer_context(ts);
160     hci_con_handle_t con_handle = (hci_con_handle_t) (uintptr_t) context;
161     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
162     if (!att_server) return;
163     uint16_t att_handle = att_server->value_indication_handle;
164     att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_TIMEOUT, att_server->connection.con_handle, att_handle);
165 }
166 
167 static void att_event_packet_handler (uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size){
168 
169     UNUSED(channel); // ok: there is no channel
170     UNUSED(size);    // ok: handling own l2cap events
171 
172     att_server_t * att_server;
173     hci_con_handle_t con_handle;
174 
175     switch (packet_type) {
176 
177         case HCI_EVENT_PACKET:
178             switch (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet)) {
179 
180                 case HCI_EVENT_LE_META:
181                     switch (packet[2]) {
182                         case HCI_SUBEVENT_LE_CONNECTION_COMPLETE:
183                             con_handle = little_endian_read_16(packet, 4);
184                             att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
185                             if (!att_server) break;
186                         	// store connection info
187                         	att_server->peer_addr_type = packet[7];
188                             reverse_bd_addr(&packet[8], att_server->peer_address);
189                             att_server->connection.con_handle = con_handle;
190                             // reset connection properties
191                             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
192                             att_server->connection.mtu = ATT_DEFAULT_MTU;
193                             att_server->connection.max_mtu = l2cap_max_le_mtu();
194                             if (att_server->connection.max_mtu > ATT_REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE){
195                                 att_server->connection.max_mtu = ATT_REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE;
196                             }
197                             att_server->connection.encryption_key_size = 0;
198                             att_server->connection.authenticated = 0;
199 		                	att_server->connection.authorized = 0;
200                             // workaround: identity resolving can already be complete, at least store result
201                             att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = sm_le_device_index(con_handle);
202                             att_server->pairing_active = 0;
203                             break;
204 
205                         default:
206                             break;
207                     }
208                     break;
209 
210                 case HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE:
211                 case HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_KEY_REFRESH_COMPLETE:
212                 	// check handle
213                     con_handle = little_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
214                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
215                     if (!att_server) break;
216                     att_server->connection.encryption_key_size = gap_encryption_key_size(con_handle);
217                     att_server->connection.authenticated = gap_authenticated(con_handle);
218                     if (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet) == HCI_EVENT_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE){
219                         // restore CCC values when encrypted
220                         if (hci_event_encryption_change_get_encryption_enabled(packet)){
221                             att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server);
222                         }
223                     }
224                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
225                     break;
226 
227                 case HCI_EVENT_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE:
228                     // check handle
229                     con_handle = hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet);
230                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
231                     if (!att_server) break;
232                     att_clear_transaction_queue(&att_server->connection);
233                     att_server->connection.con_handle = 0;
234                     att_server->value_indication_handle = 0; // reset error state
235                     att_server->pairing_active = 0;
236                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
237                     break;
238 
239                 // Identity Resolving
240                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_STARTED:
241                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_resolving_started_get_handle(packet);
242                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
243                     if (!att_server) break;
244                     log_info("SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_STARTED");
245                     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 1;
246                     break;
247                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_SUCCEEDED:
248                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_created_get_handle(packet);
249                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
250                     if (!att_server) return;
251                     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 0;
252                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = sm_event_identity_resolving_succeeded_get_index(packet);
253                     log_info("SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_SUCCEEDED");
254                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
255                     break;
256                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_FAILED:
257                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_resolving_failed_get_handle(packet);
258                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
259                     if (!att_server) break;
260                     log_info("SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_FAILED");
261                     att_server->ir_lookup_active = 0;
262                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = -1;
263                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
264                     break;
265 
266                 // Pairing started - delete stored CCC values
267                 // - assumes pairing indicates either new device or re-pairing, in both cases there should be no stored CCC values
268                 // - assumes that all events have the con handle as the first field
269                 case SM_EVENT_JUST_WORKS_REQUEST:
270                 case SM_EVENT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY_NUMBER:
271                 case SM_EVENT_PASSKEY_INPUT_NUMBER:
272                 case SM_EVENT_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST:
273                     con_handle = sm_event_just_works_request_get_handle(packet);
274                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
275                     if (!att_server) break;
276                     att_server->pairing_active = 1;
277                     log_info("SM Pairing started");
278                     if (att_server->ir_le_device_db_index < 0) break;
279                     att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server);
280                     // index not valid anymore
281                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = -1;
282                     break;
283 
284                 // Bonding completed
285                 case SM_EVENT_IDENTITY_CREATED:
286                     con_handle = sm_event_identity_created_get_handle(packet);
287                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
288                     if (!att_server) return;
289                     att_server->pairing_active = 0;
290                     att_server->ir_le_device_db_index = sm_event_identity_created_get_index(packet);
291                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
292                     break;
293 
294                 // Pairing complete (with/without bonding=storing of pairing information)
295                 case SM_EVENT_PAIRING_COMPLETE:
296                     con_handle = sm_event_pairing_complete_get_handle(packet);
297                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
298                     if (!att_server) return;
299                     att_server->pairing_active = 0;
300                     att_run_for_context(att_server);
301                     break;
302 
303                 // Authorization
304                 case SM_EVENT_AUTHORIZATION_RESULT: {
305                     con_handle = sm_event_authorization_result_get_handle(packet);
306                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
307                     if (!att_server) break;
308                     att_server->connection.authorized = sm_event_authorization_result_get_authorization_result(packet);
309                     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
310                 	break;
311                 }
312                 default:
313                     break;
314             }
315             break;
316         default:
317             break;
318     }
319 }
320 
321 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
322 static void att_signed_write_handle_cmac_result(uint8_t hash[8]){
323 
324     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_state(ATT_SERVER_W4_SIGNED_WRITE_VALIDATION);
325     if (!att_server) return;
326 
327     uint8_t hash_flipped[8];
328     reverse_64(hash, hash_flipped);
329     if (memcmp(hash_flipped, &att_server->request_buffer[att_server->request_size-8], 8)){
330         log_info("ATT Signed Write, invalid signature");
331         att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
332         return;
333     }
334     log_info("ATT Signed Write, valid signature");
335 
336     // update sequence number
337     uint32_t counter_packet = little_endian_read_32(att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size-12);
338     le_device_db_remote_counter_set(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index, counter_packet+1);
339     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED;
340     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
341 }
342 #endif
343 
344 // pre: att_server->state == ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED
345 // pre: can send now
346 // returns: 1 if packet was sent
347 static int att_server_process_validated_request(att_server_t * att_server){
348 
349     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
350     uint8_t * att_response_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
351     uint16_t  att_response_size   = att_handle_request(&att_server->connection, att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size, att_response_buffer);
352 
353 #ifdef ENABLE_ATT_DELAYED_READ_RESPONSE
354     if (att_response_size == ATT_READ_RESPONSE_PENDING){
355         // update state
356         att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_READ_RESPONSE_PENDING;
357 
358         // callback with handle ATT_READ_RESPONSE_PENDING
359         att_server_client_read_callback(att_server->connection.con_handle, ATT_READ_RESPONSE_PENDING, 0, NULL, 0);
360 
361         // free reserved buffer
362         l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
363         return 0;
364     }
365 #endif
366 
367     // intercept "insufficient authorization" for authenticated connections to allow for user authorization
368     if ((att_response_size     >= 4)
369     && (att_response_buffer[0] == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE)
370     && (att_response_buffer[4] == ATT_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHORIZATION)
371     && (att_server->connection.authenticated)){
372 
373         switch (gap_authorization_state(att_server->connection.con_handle)){
374             case AUTHORIZATION_UNKNOWN:
375                 l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
376                 sm_request_pairing(att_server->connection.con_handle);
377                 return 0;
378             case AUTHORIZATION_PENDING:
379                 l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
380                 return 0;
381             default:
382                 break;
383         }
384     }
385 
386     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
387     if (att_response_size == 0) {
388         l2cap_release_packet_buffer();
389         return 0;
390     }
391 
392     l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, att_response_size);
393 
394     // notify client about MTU exchange result
395     if (att_response_buffer[0] == ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE){
396         att_emit_mtu_event(att_server->connection.con_handle, att_server->connection.mtu);
397     }
398     return 1;
399 }
400 
401 #ifdef ENABLE_ATT_DELAYED_READ_RESPONSE
402 int att_server_read_response_ready(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
403     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
404     if (!att_server)                                             return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
405     if (att_server->state != ATT_SERVER_READ_RESPONSE_PENDING)   return ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED;
406 
407     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED;
408     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
409     return ERROR_CODE_SUCCESS;
410 }
411 #endif
412 
413 static void att_run_for_context(att_server_t * att_server){
414     switch (att_server->state){
415         case ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED:
416 
417             // wait until re-encryption as central is complete
418             if (gap_reconnect_security_setup_active(att_server->connection.con_handle)) break;
419 
420             // wait until pairing is complete
421             if (att_server->pairing_active) break;
422 
423 #ifdef ENABLE_LE_SIGNED_WRITE
424             if (att_server->request_buffer[0] == ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND){
425                 log_info("ATT Signed Write!");
426                 if (!sm_cmac_ready()) {
427                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, sm_cmac engine not ready. Abort");
428                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
429                     return;
430                 }
431                 if (att_server->request_size < (3 + 12)) {
432                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, request to short. Abort.");
433                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
434                     return;
435                 }
436                 if (att_server->ir_lookup_active){
437                     return;
438                 }
439                 if (att_server->ir_le_device_db_index < 0){
440                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, CSRK not available");
441                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
442                     return;
443                 }
444 
445                 // check counter
446                 uint32_t counter_packet = little_endian_read_32(att_server->request_buffer, att_server->request_size-12);
447                 uint32_t counter_db     = le_device_db_remote_counter_get(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index);
448                 log_info("ATT Signed Write, DB counter %"PRIu32", packet counter %"PRIu32, counter_db, counter_packet);
449                 if (counter_packet < counter_db){
450                     log_info("ATT Signed Write, db reports higher counter, abort");
451                     att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_IDLE;
452                     return;
453                 }
454 
455                 // signature is { sequence counter, secure hash }
456                 sm_key_t csrk;
457                 le_device_db_remote_csrk_get(att_server->ir_le_device_db_index, csrk);
458                 att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_W4_SIGNED_WRITE_VALIDATION;
459                 log_info("Orig Signature: ");
460                 log_info_hexdump( &att_server->request_buffer[att_server->request_size-8], 8);
461                 uint16_t attribute_handle = little_endian_read_16(att_server->request_buffer, 1);
462                 sm_cmac_signed_write_start(csrk, att_server->request_buffer[0], attribute_handle, att_server->request_size - 15, &att_server->request_buffer[3], counter_packet, att_signed_write_handle_cmac_result);
463                 return;
464             }
465 #endif
466             // move on
467             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED;
468             att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
469             break;
470 
471         default:
472             break;
473     }
474 }
475 
476 static void att_server_handle_can_send_now(void){
477 
478     // NOTE: we get l2cap fixed channel instead of con_handle
479 
480     int can_send_now = 1;
481 
482     // process all server requests
483     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
484     hci_connections_get_iterator(&it);
485     while(btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
486         hci_connection_t * connection = (hci_connection_t *) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
487         att_server_t * att_server = &connection->att_server;
488         if (att_server->state == ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED_AND_VALIDATED){
489             if (can_send_now){
490                 att_server_process_validated_request(att_server);
491                 can_send_now = att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(att_server->connection.con_handle);
492             } else {
493                 // can_send_now == 0
494                 att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
495                 return;
496             }
497         }
498     }
499 
500     hci_con_handle_t request_con_handle = HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
501     while (1){
502         hci_connections_get_iterator(&it);
503         while(btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
504             hci_connection_t * connection = (hci_connection_t *) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
505             att_server_t * att_server = &connection->att_server;
506 
507             // handle indications first
508             if (!btstack_linked_list_empty(&att_server->indication_requests) && att_server->value_indication_handle == 0){
509                 if (can_send_now){
510                     btstack_context_callback_registration_t * client = (btstack_context_callback_registration_t*) att_server->indication_requests;
511                     btstack_linked_list_remove(&att_server->indication_requests, (btstack_linked_item_t *) client);
512                     client->callback(client->context);
513                     can_send_now = att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(att_server->connection.con_handle);
514                     // track if there's more to send, but keep iterating - only true if callee didn't send indication
515                     if (request_con_handle == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID && att_server->value_indication_handle == 0 && !btstack_linked_list_empty(&att_server->indication_requests)){
516                         request_con_handle = att_server->connection.con_handle;
517                     }
518                 } else {
519                     // can_send_now == 0
520                     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
521                     return;
522                 }
523             }
524 
525             // then notifications
526             if (!btstack_linked_list_empty(&att_server->notification_requests)){
527                 if (can_send_now){
528                     btstack_context_callback_registration_t * client = (btstack_context_callback_registration_t*) att_server->notification_requests;
529                     btstack_linked_list_remove(&att_server->notification_requests, (btstack_linked_item_t *) client);
530                     client->callback(client->context);
531                     can_send_now = att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(att_server->connection.con_handle);
532                     // track if there's more to send, but keep iterating
533                     if (request_con_handle == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID && !btstack_linked_list_empty(&att_server->notification_requests)){
534                         request_con_handle = att_server->connection.con_handle;
535                     }
536                 } else {
537                     // can_send_now == 0
538                     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
539                     return;
540                 }
541             }
542         }
543 
544         // Exit loop, if we cannot send (request_con_handle will be set)
545         if (!can_send_now) break;
546 
547         // Exit loop, if we can send but there are also no further request
548         if (request_con_handle == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) break;
549 
550         // Finally, if we still can send and there are requests, just try again
551         request_con_handle = HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
552     }
553 
554     if (request_con_handle == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) return;
555 
556     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(request_con_handle);
557 }
558 
559 static void att_packet_handler(uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t handle, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size){
560 
561     att_server_t * att_server;
562 
563     switch (packet_type){
564 
565         case HCI_EVENT_PACKET:
566             switch (packet[0]){
567                 case L2CAP_EVENT_CAN_SEND_NOW:
568                     att_server_handle_can_send_now();
569                     break;
570                 case ATT_EVENT_MTU_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE:
571                     // GATT client has negotiated the mtu for this connection
572                     att_server = att_server_for_handle(handle);
573                     if (!att_server) break;
574                     att_server->connection.mtu = little_endian_read_16(packet, 4);
575                     break;
576                 default:
577                     break;
578             }
579             break;
580 
581         case ATT_DATA_PACKET:
582             log_debug("ATT Packet, handle 0x%04x", handle);
583             att_server = att_server_for_handle(handle);
584             if (!att_server) break;
585 
586             // handle value indication confirms
587             if (packet[0] == ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION && att_server->value_indication_handle){
588                 btstack_run_loop_remove_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer);
589                 uint16_t att_handle = att_server->value_indication_handle;
590                 att_server->value_indication_handle = 0;
591                 att_handle_value_indication_notify_client(0, att_server->connection.con_handle, att_handle);
592                 att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(att_server->connection.con_handle);
593                 return;
594             }
595 
596             // directly process command
597             // note: signed write cannot be handled directly as authentication needs to be verified
598             if (packet[0] == ATT_WRITE_COMMAND){
599                 att_handle_request(&att_server->connection, packet, size, 0);
600                 return;
601             }
602 
603             // check size
604             if (size > sizeof(att_server->request_buffer)) {
605                 log_info("att_packet_handler: dropping att pdu 0x%02x as size %u > att_server->request_buffer %u", packet[0], size, (int) sizeof(att_server->request_buffer));
606                 return;
607             }
608 
609             // last request still in processing?
610             if (att_server->state != ATT_SERVER_IDLE){
611                 log_info("att_packet_handler: skipping att pdu 0x%02x as server not idle (state %u)", packet[0], att_server->state);
612                 return;
613             }
614 
615             // store request
616             att_server->state = ATT_SERVER_REQUEST_RECEIVED;
617             att_server->request_size = size;
618             memcpy(att_server->request_buffer, packet, size);
619 
620             att_run_for_context(att_server);
621             break;
622     }
623 }
624 
625 // ---------------------
626 // persistent CCC writes
627 static uint32_t att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(uint8_t index){
628     return 'B' << 24 | 'T' << 16 | 'C' << 8 | index;
629 }
630 
631 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_write(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t att_handle, uint16_t value){
632     // lookup att_server instance
633     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
634     if (!att_server) return;
635     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
636     log_info("Store CCC value 0x%04x for handle 0x%04x of remote %s, le device id %d", value, att_handle, bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
637 
638     // check if bonded
639     if (le_device_index < 0) return;
640 
641     // get btstack_tlv
642     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
643     void * tlv_context;
644     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
645     if (!tlv_impl) return;
646 
647     // update ccc tag
648     int index;
649     uint32_t highest_seq_nr = 0;
650     uint32_t lowest_seq_nr = 0;
651     uint32_t tag_for_lowest_seq_nr = 0;
652     uint32_t tag_for_empty = 0;
653     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
654     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
655         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
656         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
657 
658         // empty/invalid tag
659         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)){
660             tag_for_empty = tag;
661             continue;
662         }
663         // update highest seq nr
664         if (entry.seq_nr > highest_seq_nr){
665             highest_seq_nr = entry.seq_nr;
666         }
667         // find entry with lowest seq nr
668         if ((tag_for_lowest_seq_nr == 0) || (entry.seq_nr < lowest_seq_nr)){
669             tag_for_lowest_seq_nr = tag;
670             lowest_seq_nr = entry.seq_nr;
671         }
672 
673         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
674         if (entry.att_handle   != att_handle)      continue;
675 
676         // found matching entry
677         if (value){
678             // update
679             if (entry.value == value) {
680                 log_info("CCC Index %u: Up-to-date", index);
681                 return;
682             }
683             entry.value = value;
684             entry.seq_nr = highest_seq_nr + 1;
685             log_info("CCC Index %u: Store", index);
686             tlv_impl->store_tag(tlv_context, tag, (const uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
687         } else {
688             // delete
689             log_info("CCC Index %u: Delete", index);
690             tlv_impl->delete_tag(tlv_context, tag);
691         }
692         return;
693     }
694 
695     log_info("tag_for_empy %"PRIx32", tag_for_lowest_seq_nr %"PRIx32, tag_for_empty, tag_for_lowest_seq_nr);
696 
697     if (value == 0){
698         // done
699         return;
700     }
701 
702     uint32_t tag_to_use = 0;
703     if (tag_for_empty){
704         tag_to_use = tag_for_empty;
705     } else if (tag_for_lowest_seq_nr){
706         tag_to_use = tag_for_lowest_seq_nr;
707     } else {
708         // should not happen
709         return;
710     }
711     // store ccc tag
712     entry.seq_nr       = highest_seq_nr + 1;
713     entry.device_index = le_device_index;
714     entry.att_handle   = att_handle;
715     entry.value        = value;
716     tlv_impl->store_tag(tlv_context, tag_to_use, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
717 }
718 
719 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_clear(att_server_t * att_server){
720     if (!att_server) return;
721     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
722     log_info("Clear CCC values of remote %s, le device id %d", bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
723     // check if bonded
724     if (le_device_index < 0) return;
725     // get btstack_tlv
726     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
727     void * tlv_context;
728     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
729     if (!tlv_impl) return;
730     // get all ccc tag
731     int index;
732     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
733     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
734         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
735         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
736         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)) continue;
737         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
738         // delete entry
739         log_info("CCC Index %u: Delete", index);
740         tlv_impl->delete_tag(tlv_context, tag);
741     }
742 }
743 
744 static void att_server_persistent_ccc_restore(att_server_t * att_server){
745     if (!att_server) return;
746     int le_device_index = att_server->ir_le_device_db_index;
747     log_info("Restore CCC values of remote %s, le device id %d", bd_addr_to_str(att_server->peer_address), le_device_index);
748     // check if bonded
749     if (le_device_index < 0) return;
750     // get btstack_tlv
751     const btstack_tlv_t * tlv_impl = NULL;
752     void * tlv_context;
753     btstack_tlv_get_instance(&tlv_impl, &tlv_context);
754     if (!tlv_impl) return;
755     // get all ccc tag
756     int index;
757     persistent_ccc_entry_t entry;
758     for (index=0;index<NVN_NUM_GATT_SERVER_CCC;index++){
759         uint32_t tag = att_server_persistent_ccc_tag_for_index(index);
760         int len = tlv_impl->get_tag(tlv_context, tag, (uint8_t *) &entry, sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t));
761         if (len != sizeof(persistent_ccc_entry_t)) continue;
762         if (entry.device_index != le_device_index) continue;
763         // simulate write callback
764         uint16_t attribute_handle = entry.att_handle;
765         uint8_t  value[2];
766         little_endian_store_16(value, 0, entry.value);
767         att_write_callback_t callback = att_server_write_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
768         if (!callback) continue;
769         log_info("CCC Index %u: Set Attribute handle 0x%04x to value 0x%04x", index, attribute_handle, entry.value );
770         (*callback)(att_server->connection.con_handle, attribute_handle, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_NONE, 0, value, sizeof(value));
771     }
772 }
773 
774 // persistent CCC writes
775 // ---------------------
776 
777 // gatt service management
778 static att_service_handler_t * att_service_handler_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
779     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
780     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
781     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
782         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
783         if (handler->start_handle > handle) continue;
784         if (handler->end_handle   < handle) continue;
785         return handler;
786     }
787     return NULL;
788 }
789 static att_read_callback_t att_server_read_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
790     att_service_handler_t * handler = att_service_handler_for_handle(handle);
791     if (handler) return handler->read_callback;
792     return att_server_client_read_callback;
793 }
794 
795 static att_write_callback_t att_server_write_callback_for_handle(uint16_t handle){
796     att_service_handler_t * handler = att_service_handler_for_handle(handle);
797     if (handler) return handler->write_callback;
798     return att_server_client_write_callback;
799 }
800 
801 static void att_notify_write_callbacks(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t transaction_mode){
802     // notify all callbacks
803     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
804     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
805     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
806         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
807         if (!handler->write_callback) continue;
808         (*handler->write_callback)(con_handle, 0, transaction_mode, 0, NULL, 0);
809     }
810     if (!att_server_client_write_callback) return;
811     (*att_server_client_write_callback)(con_handle, 0, transaction_mode, 0, NULL, 0);
812 }
813 
814 // returns first reported error or 0
815 static uint8_t att_validate_prepared_write(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
816     btstack_linked_list_iterator_t it;
817     btstack_linked_list_iterator_init(&it, &service_handlers);
818     while (btstack_linked_list_iterator_has_next(&it)){
819         att_service_handler_t * handler = (att_service_handler_t*) btstack_linked_list_iterator_next(&it);
820         if (!handler->write_callback) continue;
821         uint8_t error_code = (*handler->write_callback)(con_handle, 0, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE, 0, NULL, 0);
822         if (error_code) return error_code;
823     }
824     if (!att_server_client_write_callback) return 0;
825     return (*att_server_client_write_callback)(con_handle, 0, ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE, 0, NULL, 0);
826 }
827 
828 static uint16_t att_server_read_callback(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint16_t offset, uint8_t * buffer, uint16_t buffer_size){
829     att_read_callback_t callback = att_server_read_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
830     if (!callback) return 0;
831     return (*callback)(con_handle, attribute_handle, offset, buffer, buffer_size);
832 }
833 
834 static int att_server_write_callback(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint16_t transaction_mode, uint16_t offset, uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t buffer_size){
835     switch (transaction_mode){
836         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_VALIDATE:
837             return att_validate_prepared_write(con_handle);
838         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_EXECUTE:
839         case ATT_TRANSACTION_MODE_CANCEL:
840             att_notify_write_callbacks(con_handle, transaction_mode);
841             return 0;
842         default:
843             break;
844     }
845 
846     // track CCC writes
847     if (att_is_persistent_ccc(attribute_handle) && offset == 0 && buffer_size == 2){
848         att_server_persistent_ccc_write(con_handle, attribute_handle, little_endian_read_16(buffer, 0));
849     }
850 
851     att_write_callback_t callback = att_server_write_callback_for_handle(attribute_handle);
852     if (!callback) return 0;
853     return (*callback)(con_handle, attribute_handle, transaction_mode, offset, buffer, buffer_size);
854 }
855 
856 /**
857  * @brief register read/write callbacks for specific handle range
858  * @param att_service_handler_t
859  */
860 void att_server_register_service_handler(att_service_handler_t * handler){
861     if (att_service_handler_for_handle(handler->start_handle) ||
862         att_service_handler_for_handle(handler->end_handle)){
863         log_error("handler for range 0x%04x-0x%04x already registered", handler->start_handle, handler->end_handle);
864         return;
865     }
866     btstack_linked_list_add(&service_handlers, (btstack_linked_item_t*) handler);
867 }
868 
869 void att_server_init(uint8_t const * db, att_read_callback_t read_callback, att_write_callback_t write_callback){
870 
871     // store callbacks
872     att_server_client_read_callback  = read_callback;
873     att_server_client_write_callback = write_callback;
874 
875     // register for HCI Events
876     hci_event_callback_registration.callback = &att_event_packet_handler;
877     hci_add_event_handler(&hci_event_callback_registration);
878 
879     // register for SM events
880     sm_event_callback_registration.callback = &att_event_packet_handler;
881     sm_add_event_handler(&sm_event_callback_registration);
882 
883     // and L2CAP ATT Server PDUs
884     att_dispatch_register_server(att_packet_handler);
885 
886     att_set_db(db);
887     att_set_read_callback(att_server_read_callback);
888     att_set_write_callback(att_server_write_callback);
889 
890 }
891 
892 void att_server_register_packet_handler(btstack_packet_handler_t handler){
893     att_client_packet_handler = handler;
894 }
895 
896 
897 // to be deprecated
898 int  att_server_can_send_packet_now(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
899     return att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle);
900 }
901 
902 int att_server_register_can_send_now_callback(btstack_context_callback_registration_t * callback_registration, hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
903     return att_server_request_to_send_notification(callback_registration, con_handle);
904 }
905 
906 void att_server_request_can_send_now_event(hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
907     att_client_waiting_for_can_send_registration.callback = &att_emit_can_send_now_event;
908     att_server_request_to_send_notification(&att_client_waiting_for_can_send_registration, con_handle);
909 }
910 // end of deprecated
911 
912 int att_server_request_to_send_notification(btstack_context_callback_registration_t * callback_registration, hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
913     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
914     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
915     btstack_linked_list_add_tail(&att_server->notification_requests, (btstack_linked_item_t*) callback_registration);
916     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
917     return ERROR_CODE_SUCCESS;
918 }
919 
920 int att_server_request_to_send_indication(btstack_context_callback_registration_t * callback_registration, hci_con_handle_t con_handle){
921     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
922     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
923     btstack_linked_list_add_tail(&att_server->indication_requests, (btstack_linked_item_t*) callback_registration);
924     att_dispatch_server_request_can_send_now_event(con_handle);
925     return ERROR_CODE_SUCCESS;
926 }
927 
928 int att_server_notify(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint8_t *value, uint16_t value_len){
929     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
930     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
931 
932     if (!att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)) return BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL;
933 
934     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
935     uint8_t * packet_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
936     uint16_t size = att_prepare_handle_value_notification(&att_server->connection, attribute_handle, value, value_len, packet_buffer);
937 	return l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, size);
938 }
939 
940 int att_server_indicate(hci_con_handle_t con_handle, uint16_t attribute_handle, uint8_t *value, uint16_t value_len){
941     att_server_t * att_server = att_server_for_handle(con_handle);
942     if (!att_server) return ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
943 
944     if (att_server->value_indication_handle) return ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION_IN_PROGRESS;
945     if (!att_dispatch_server_can_send_now(con_handle)) return BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL;
946 
947     // track indication
948     att_server->value_indication_handle = attribute_handle;
949     btstack_run_loop_set_timer_handler(&att_server->value_indication_timer, att_handle_value_indication_timeout);
950     btstack_run_loop_set_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer, ATT_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_MS);
951     btstack_run_loop_add_timer(&att_server->value_indication_timer);
952 
953     l2cap_reserve_packet_buffer();
954     uint8_t * packet_buffer = l2cap_get_outgoing_buffer();
955     uint16_t size = att_prepare_handle_value_indication(&att_server->connection, attribute_handle, value, value_len, packet_buffer);
956 	l2cap_send_prepared_connectionless(att_server->connection.con_handle, L2CAP_CID_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL, size);
957     return 0;
958 }
959