xref: /btstack/src/classic/sdp_server.c (revision 7dc86dfd3569d69491d87d64749fd45afb46c67a)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2014 BlueKitchen GmbH
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  *
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of
14  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
15  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  * 4. Any redistribution, use, or modification is done solely for
17  *    personal benefit and not for any commercial purpose or for
18  *    monetary gain.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY BLUEKITCHEN GMBH AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MATTHIAS
24  * RINGWALD OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
27  * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
30  * THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * Please inquire about commercial licensing options at
34  * [email protected]
35  *
36  */
37 
38 #define __BTSTACK_FILE__ "sdp_server.c"
39 
40 /*
41  * Implementation of the Service Discovery Protocol Server
42  */
43 
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <string.h>
46 
47 #include "bluetooth_sdp.h"
48 #include "btstack_debug.h"
49 #include "btstack_event.h"
50 #include "btstack_memory.h"
51 #include "classic/core.h"
52 #include "classic/sdp_server.h"
53 #include "classic/sdp_util.h"
54 #include "hci_dump.h"
55 #include "l2cap.h"
56 
57 // max reserved ServiceRecordHandle
58 #define maxReservedServiceRecordHandle 0xffff
59 
60 // max SDP response matches L2CAP PDU -- allow to use smaller buffer
61 #ifndef SDP_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE
62 #define SDP_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE (HCI_ACL_BUFFER_SIZE-HCI_ACL_HEADER_SIZE)
63 #endif
64 
65 static void sdp_packet_handler(uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
66 
67 // registered service records
68 static btstack_linked_list_t sdp_service_records = NULL;
69 
70 // our handles start after the reserved range
71 static uint32_t sdp_next_service_record_handle = ((uint32_t) maxReservedServiceRecordHandle) + 2;
72 
73 static uint8_t sdp_response_buffer[SDP_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
74 
75 static uint16_t l2cap_cid = 0;
76 static uint16_t sdp_response_size = 0;
77 
78 void sdp_init(void){
79     // register with l2cap psm sevices - max MTU
80     l2cap_register_service(sdp_packet_handler, BLUETOOTH_PROTOCOL_SDP, 0xffff, LEVEL_0);
81 }
82 
83 uint32_t sdp_get_service_record_handle(const uint8_t * record){
84     // TODO: make sdp_get_attribute_value_for_attribute_id accept const data to remove cast
85     uint8_t * serviceRecordHandleAttribute = sdp_get_attribute_value_for_attribute_id((uint8_t *)record, BLUETOOTH_ATTRIBUTE_SERVICE_RECORD_HANDLE);
86     if (!serviceRecordHandleAttribute) return 0;
87     if (de_get_element_type(serviceRecordHandleAttribute) != DE_UINT) return 0;
88     if (de_get_size_type(serviceRecordHandleAttribute) != DE_SIZE_32) return 0;
89     return big_endian_read_32(serviceRecordHandleAttribute, 1);
90 }
91 
92 static service_record_item_t * sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(uint32_t handle){
93     btstack_linked_item_t *it;
94     for (it = (btstack_linked_item_t *) sdp_service_records; it ; it = it->next){
95         service_record_item_t * item = (service_record_item_t *) it;
96         if (item->service_record_handle == handle){
97             return item;
98         }
99     }
100     return NULL;
101 }
102 
103 uint8_t * sdp_get_record_for_handle(uint32_t handle){
104     service_record_item_t * record_item =  sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(handle);
105     if (!record_item) return 0;
106     return record_item->service_record;
107 }
108 
109 // get next free, unregistered service record handle
110 uint32_t sdp_create_service_record_handle(void){
111     uint32_t handle = 0;
112     do {
113         handle = sdp_next_service_record_handle++;
114         if (sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(handle)) handle = 0;
115     } while (handle == 0);
116     return handle;
117 }
118 
119 /**
120  * @brief Register Service Record with database using ServiceRecordHandle stored in record
121  * @pre AttributeIDs are in ascending order
122  * @pre ServiceRecordHandle is first attribute and valid
123  * @param record is not copied!
124  * @result status
125  */
126 uint8_t sdp_register_service(const uint8_t * record){
127 
128     // validate service record handle. it must: exist, be in valid range, not have been already used
129     uint32_t record_handle = sdp_get_service_record_handle(record);
130     if (!record_handle) return SDP_HANDLE_INVALID;
131     if (record_handle <= maxReservedServiceRecordHandle) return SDP_HANDLE_INVALID;
132     if (sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(record_handle)) return SDP_HANDLE_ALREADY_REGISTERED;
133 
134     // alloc memory for new service_record_item
135     service_record_item_t * newRecordItem = btstack_memory_service_record_item_get();
136     if (!newRecordItem) return BTSTACK_MEMORY_ALLOC_FAILED;
137 
138     // set handle and record
139     newRecordItem->service_record_handle = record_handle;
140     newRecordItem->service_record = (uint8_t*) record;
141 
142     // add to linked list
143     btstack_linked_list_add(&sdp_service_records, (btstack_linked_item_t *) newRecordItem);
144 
145     return 0;
146 }
147 
148 //
149 // unregister service record
150 //
151 void sdp_unregister_service(uint32_t service_record_handle){
152     service_record_item_t * record_item = sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(service_record_handle);
153     if (!record_item) return;
154     btstack_linked_list_remove(&sdp_service_records, (btstack_linked_item_t *) record_item);
155 }
156 
157 // PDU
158 // PDU ID (1), Transaction ID (2), Param Length (2), Param 1, Param 2, ..
159 
160 static int sdp_create_error_response(uint16_t transaction_id, uint16_t error_code){
161     sdp_response_buffer[0] = SDP_ErrorResponse;
162     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 1, transaction_id);
163     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 3, 2);
164     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 5, error_code); // invalid syntax
165     return 7;
166 }
167 
168 int sdp_handle_service_search_request(uint8_t * packet, uint16_t remote_mtu){
169 
170     // get request details
171     uint16_t  transaction_id = big_endian_read_16(packet, 1);
172     uint16_t  param_len = big_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
173     uint8_t * serviceSearchPattern = &packet[5];
174     uint16_t  serviceSearchPatternLen = de_get_len_safe(serviceSearchPattern, param_len);
175     // assert service search pattern is contained
176     if (!serviceSearchPatternLen) return 0;
177     param_len -= serviceSearchPatternLen;
178     // assert max record count is contained
179     if (param_len < 2) return 0;
180     uint16_t  maximumServiceRecordCount = big_endian_read_16(packet, 5 + serviceSearchPatternLen);
181     param_len -= 2;
182     // assert continuation state len is contained in param_len
183     if (param_len < 1) return 0;
184     uint8_t * continuationState = &packet[5+serviceSearchPatternLen+2];
185     // assert continuation state is contained in param_len
186     if (1 + continuationState[0] > param_len) return 0;
187 
188     // calc maximumServiceRecordCount based on remote MTU
189     uint16_t maxNrServiceRecordsPerResponse = (remote_mtu - (9+3))/4;
190 
191     // continuation state contains index of next service record to examine
192     int      continuation = 0;
193     uint16_t continuation_index = 0;
194     if (continuationState[0] == 2){
195         continuation_index = big_endian_read_16(continuationState, 1);
196     }
197 
198     // get and limit total count
199     btstack_linked_item_t *it;
200     uint16_t total_service_count   = 0;
201     for (it = (btstack_linked_item_t *) sdp_service_records; it ; it = it->next){
202         service_record_item_t * item = (service_record_item_t *) it;
203         if (!sdp_record_matches_service_search_pattern(item->service_record, serviceSearchPattern)) continue;
204         total_service_count++;
205     }
206     if (total_service_count > maximumServiceRecordCount){
207         total_service_count = maximumServiceRecordCount;
208     }
209 
210     // ServiceRecordHandleList at 9
211     uint16_t pos = 9;
212     uint16_t current_service_count  = 0;
213     uint16_t current_service_index  = 0;
214     uint16_t matching_service_count = 0;
215     for (it = (btstack_linked_item_t *) sdp_service_records; it ; it = it->next, ++current_service_index){
216         service_record_item_t * item = (service_record_item_t *) it;
217 
218         if (!sdp_record_matches_service_search_pattern(item->service_record, serviceSearchPattern)) continue;
219         matching_service_count++;
220 
221         if (current_service_index < continuation_index) continue;
222 
223         big_endian_store_32(sdp_response_buffer, pos, item->service_record_handle);
224         pos += 4;
225         current_service_count++;
226 
227         if (matching_service_count >= total_service_count) break;
228 
229         if (current_service_count >= maxNrServiceRecordsPerResponse){
230             continuation = 1;
231             continuation_index = current_service_index + 1;
232             break;
233         }
234     }
235 
236     // Store continuation state
237     if (continuation) {
238         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 2;
239         big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, pos, continuation_index);
240         pos += 2;
241     } else {
242         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 0;
243     }
244 
245     // header
246     sdp_response_buffer[0] = SDP_ServiceSearchResponse;
247     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 1, transaction_id);
248     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 3, pos - 5); // size of variable payload
249     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 5, total_service_count);
250     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 7, current_service_count);
251 
252     return pos;
253 }
254 
255 int sdp_handle_service_attribute_request(uint8_t * packet, uint16_t remote_mtu){
256 
257     // get request details
258     uint16_t  transaction_id = big_endian_read_16(packet, 1);
259     uint16_t  param_len = big_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
260     // assert serviceRecordHandle and maximumAttributeByteCount are in param_len
261     if (param_len < 6) return 0;
262     uint32_t  serviceRecordHandle = big_endian_read_32(packet, 5);
263     uint16_t  maximumAttributeByteCount = big_endian_read_16(packet, 9);
264     param_len -= 6;
265     uint8_t * attributeIDList = &packet[11];
266     uint16_t  attributeIDListLen = de_get_len_safe(attributeIDList, param_len);
267     // assert attributeIDList are in param_len
268     if (!attributeIDListLen) return 0;
269     param_len -= attributeIDListLen;
270     // assert continuation state len is contained in param_len
271     if (param_len < 1) return 0;
272     uint8_t * continuationState = &packet[11+attributeIDListLen];
273     // assert continuation state is contained in param_len
274     if (1 + continuationState[0] > param_len) return 0;
275 
276     // calc maximumAttributeByteCount based on remote MTU
277     uint16_t maximumAttributeByteCount2 = remote_mtu - (7+3);
278     if (maximumAttributeByteCount2 < maximumAttributeByteCount) {
279         maximumAttributeByteCount = maximumAttributeByteCount2;
280     }
281 
282     // continuation state contains the offset into the complete response
283     uint16_t continuation_offset = 0;
284     if (continuationState[0] == 2){
285         continuation_offset = big_endian_read_16(continuationState, 1);
286     }
287 
288     // get service record
289     service_record_item_t * item = sdp_get_record_item_for_handle(serviceRecordHandle);
290     if (!item){
291         // service record handle doesn't exist
292         return sdp_create_error_response(transaction_id, 0x0002); /// invalid Service Record Handle
293     }
294 
295 
296     // AttributeList - starts at offset 7
297     uint16_t pos = 7;
298 
299     if (continuation_offset == 0){
300 
301         // get size of this record
302         uint16_t filtered_attributes_size = spd_get_filtered_size(item->service_record, attributeIDList);
303 
304         // store DES
305         de_store_descriptor_with_len(&sdp_response_buffer[pos], DE_DES, DE_SIZE_VAR_16, filtered_attributes_size);
306         maximumAttributeByteCount -= 3;
307         pos += 3;
308     }
309 
310     // copy maximumAttributeByteCount from record
311     uint16_t bytes_used;
312     int complete = sdp_filter_attributes_in_attributeIDList(item->service_record, attributeIDList, continuation_offset, maximumAttributeByteCount, &bytes_used, &sdp_response_buffer[pos]);
313     pos += bytes_used;
314 
315     uint16_t attributeListByteCount = pos - 7;
316 
317     if (complete) {
318         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 0;
319     } else {
320         continuation_offset += bytes_used;
321         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 2;
322         big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, pos, continuation_offset);
323         pos += 2;
324     }
325 
326     // header
327     sdp_response_buffer[0] = SDP_ServiceAttributeResponse;
328     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 1, transaction_id);
329     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 3, pos - 5);  // size of variable payload
330     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 5, attributeListByteCount);
331 
332     return pos;
333 }
334 
335 static uint16_t sdp_get_size_for_service_search_attribute_response(uint8_t * serviceSearchPattern, uint8_t * attributeIDList){
336     uint16_t total_response_size = 0;
337     btstack_linked_item_t *it;
338     for (it = (btstack_linked_item_t *) sdp_service_records; it ; it = it->next){
339         service_record_item_t * item = (service_record_item_t *) it;
340 
341         if (!sdp_record_matches_service_search_pattern(item->service_record, serviceSearchPattern)) continue;
342 
343         // for all service records that match
344         total_response_size += 3 + spd_get_filtered_size(item->service_record, attributeIDList);
345     }
346     return total_response_size;
347 }
348 
349 int sdp_handle_service_search_attribute_request(uint8_t * packet, uint16_t remote_mtu){
350 
351     // SDP header before attribute sevice list: 7
352     // Continuation, worst case: 5
353 
354     // get request details
355     uint16_t  transaction_id = big_endian_read_16(packet, 1);
356     uint16_t  param_len = big_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
357     uint8_t * serviceSearchPattern = &packet[5];
358     uint16_t  serviceSearchPatternLen = de_get_len_safe(serviceSearchPattern, param_len);
359     // assert serviceSearchPattern header is contained in param_len
360     if (!serviceSearchPatternLen) return 0;
361     param_len -= serviceSearchPatternLen;
362     // assert maximumAttributeByteCount contained in param_len
363     if (param_len < 2) return 0;
364     uint16_t  maximumAttributeByteCount = big_endian_read_16(packet, 5 + serviceSearchPatternLen);
365     param_len -= 2;
366     uint8_t * attributeIDList = &packet[5+serviceSearchPatternLen+2];
367     uint16_t  attributeIDListLen = de_get_len_safe(attributeIDList, param_len);
368     // assert attributeIDList is contained in param_len
369     if (!attributeIDListLen) return 0;
370     // assert continuation state len is contained in param_len
371     if (param_len < 1) return 0;
372     uint8_t * continuationState = &packet[5+serviceSearchPatternLen+2+attributeIDListLen];
373     // assert continuation state is contained in param_len
374     if (1 + continuationState[0] > param_len) return 0;
375 
376     // calc maximumAttributeByteCount based on remote MTU, SDP header and reserved Continuation block
377     uint16_t maximumAttributeByteCount2 = remote_mtu - 12;
378     if (maximumAttributeByteCount2 < maximumAttributeByteCount) {
379         maximumAttributeByteCount = maximumAttributeByteCount2;
380     }
381 
382     // continuation state contains: index of next service record to examine
383     // continuation state contains: byte offset into this service record
384     uint16_t continuation_service_index = 0;
385     uint16_t continuation_offset = 0;
386     if (continuationState[0] == 4){
387         continuation_service_index = big_endian_read_16(continuationState, 1);
388         continuation_offset = big_endian_read_16(continuationState, 3);
389     }
390 
391     // log_info("--> sdp_handle_service_search_attribute_request, cont %u/%u, max %u", continuation_service_index, continuation_offset, maximumAttributeByteCount);
392 
393     // AttributeLists - starts at offset 7
394     uint16_t pos = 7;
395 
396     // add DES with total size for first request
397     if (continuation_service_index == 0 && continuation_offset == 0){
398         uint16_t total_response_size = sdp_get_size_for_service_search_attribute_response(serviceSearchPattern, attributeIDList);
399         de_store_descriptor_with_len(&sdp_response_buffer[pos], DE_DES, DE_SIZE_VAR_16, total_response_size);
400         // log_info("total response size %u", total_response_size);
401         pos += 3;
402         maximumAttributeByteCount -= 3;
403     }
404 
405     // create attribute list
406     int      first_answer = 1;
407     int      continuation = 0;
408     uint16_t current_service_index = 0;
409     btstack_linked_item_t *it = (btstack_linked_item_t *) sdp_service_records;
410     for ( ; it ; it = it->next, ++current_service_index){
411         service_record_item_t * item = (service_record_item_t *) it;
412 
413         if (current_service_index < continuation_service_index ) continue;
414         if (!sdp_record_matches_service_search_pattern(item->service_record, serviceSearchPattern)) continue;
415 
416         if (continuation_offset == 0){
417 
418             // get size of this record
419             uint16_t filtered_attributes_size = spd_get_filtered_size(item->service_record, attributeIDList);
420 
421             // stop if complete record doesn't fits into response but we already have a partial response
422             if ((filtered_attributes_size + 3 > maximumAttributeByteCount) && !first_answer) {
423                 continuation = 1;
424                 break;
425             }
426 
427             // store DES
428             de_store_descriptor_with_len(&sdp_response_buffer[pos], DE_DES, DE_SIZE_VAR_16, filtered_attributes_size);
429             pos += 3;
430             maximumAttributeByteCount -= 3;
431         }
432 
433         first_answer = 0;
434 
435         // copy maximumAttributeByteCount from record
436         uint16_t bytes_used;
437         int complete = sdp_filter_attributes_in_attributeIDList(item->service_record, attributeIDList, continuation_offset, maximumAttributeByteCount, &bytes_used, &sdp_response_buffer[pos]);
438         pos += bytes_used;
439         maximumAttributeByteCount -= bytes_used;
440 
441         if (complete) {
442             continuation_offset = 0;
443             continue;
444         }
445 
446         continuation = 1;
447         continuation_offset += bytes_used;
448         break;
449     }
450 
451     uint16_t attributeListsByteCount = pos - 7;
452 
453     // Continuation State
454     if (continuation){
455         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 4;
456         big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, pos, (uint16_t) current_service_index);
457         pos += 2;
458         big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, pos, continuation_offset);
459         pos += 2;
460     } else {
461         // complete
462         sdp_response_buffer[pos++] = 0;
463     }
464 
465     // create SDP header
466     sdp_response_buffer[0] = SDP_ServiceSearchAttributeResponse;
467     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 1, transaction_id);
468     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 3, pos - 5);  // size of variable payload
469     big_endian_store_16(sdp_response_buffer, 5, attributeListsByteCount);
470 
471     return pos;
472 }
473 
474 static void sdp_respond(void){
475     if (!sdp_response_size ) return;
476     if (!l2cap_cid) return;
477 
478     // update state before sending packet (avoid getting called when new l2cap credit gets emitted)
479     uint16_t size = sdp_response_size;
480     sdp_response_size = 0;
481     l2cap_send(l2cap_cid, sdp_response_buffer, size);
482 }
483 
484 // we assume that we don't get two requests in a row
485 static void sdp_packet_handler(uint8_t packet_type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size){
486 	uint16_t transaction_id;
487     SDP_PDU_ID_t pdu_id;
488     uint16_t remote_mtu;
489     uint16_t param_len;
490 
491 	switch (packet_type) {
492 
493 		case L2CAP_DATA_PACKET:
494             pdu_id = (SDP_PDU_ID_t) packet[0];
495             transaction_id = big_endian_read_16(packet, 1);
496             param_len = big_endian_read_16(packet, 3);
497             remote_mtu = l2cap_get_remote_mtu_for_local_cid(channel);
498             // account for our buffer
499             if (remote_mtu > SDP_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE){
500                 remote_mtu = SDP_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE;
501             }
502             // validate parm_len against packet size
503             if (param_len + 5 > size) {
504                 // just clear pdu_id
505                 pdu_id = SDP_ErrorResponse;
506             }
507 
508             // log_info("SDP Request: type %u, transaction id %u, len %u, mtu %u", pdu_id, transaction_id, param_len, remote_mtu);
509             switch (pdu_id){
510 
511                 case SDP_ServiceSearchRequest:
512                     sdp_response_size = sdp_handle_service_search_request(packet, remote_mtu);
513                     break;
514 
515                 case SDP_ServiceAttributeRequest:
516                     sdp_response_size = sdp_handle_service_attribute_request(packet, remote_mtu);
517                     break;
518 
519                 case SDP_ServiceSearchAttributeRequest:
520                     sdp_response_size = sdp_handle_service_search_attribute_request(packet, remote_mtu);
521                     break;
522 
523                 default:
524                     sdp_response_size = sdp_create_error_response(transaction_id, 0x0003); // invalid syntax
525                     break;
526             }
527             if (!sdp_response_size) break;
528             l2cap_request_can_send_now_event(l2cap_cid);
529 			break;
530 
531 		case HCI_EVENT_PACKET:
532 
533 			switch (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet)) {
534 
535 				case L2CAP_EVENT_INCOMING_CONNECTION:
536                     if (l2cap_cid) {
537                         // CONNECTION REJECTED DUE TO LIMITED RESOURCES
538                         l2cap_decline_connection(channel);
539                         break;
540                     }
541                     // accept
542                     l2cap_cid = channel;
543                     sdp_response_size = 0;
544                     l2cap_accept_connection(channel);
545 					break;
546 
547                 case L2CAP_EVENT_CHANNEL_OPENED:
548                     if (packet[2]) {
549                         // open failed -> reset
550                         l2cap_cid = 0;
551                     }
552                     break;
553 
554                 case L2CAP_EVENT_CAN_SEND_NOW:
555                     sdp_respond();
556                     break;
557 
558                 case L2CAP_EVENT_CHANNEL_CLOSED:
559                     if (channel == l2cap_cid){
560                         // reset
561                         l2cap_cid = 0;
562                     }
563                     break;
564 
565 				default:
566 					// other event
567 					break;
568 			}
569 			break;
570 
571 		default:
572 			// other packet type
573 			break;
574 	}
575 }
576 
577