1**flashrom** is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash 2chips. It is designed to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware/optionROM images on mainboards, 3network/graphics/storage controller cards, and various other programmer devices. 4 5* Supports more than 627 flash chips, 407 chipsets, 539 mainboards, 94 PCI devices, 6 30 USB devices and various parallel/serial port-based programmers. 7 For more information, see the pages under :doc:`/supported_hw/index`. 8 9* Supports parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI flash interfaces and various chip packages (DIP32, 10 PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40, TSOP48, BGA and more), see :doc:`user_docs/overview`. 11 12* No physical access needed, root access is sufficient (not needed for some programmers). 13 14* No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed. 15 16* No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH. 17 18* No instant reboot needed. Reflash your chip in a running system, verify it, be happy. 19 The new firmware will be present next time you boot. 20 21* Crossflashing and hotflashing is possible as long as the flash chips are electrically 22 and logically compatible (same protocol). Great for recovery. 23 24* Scriptability. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the 25 command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes. 26 27* Speed. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools. 28 29* Portability. Supports DOS, Linux, FreeBSD (including Debian/kFreeBSD), NetBSD, OpenBSD, 30 DragonFlyBSD, anything Solaris-like, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes as well as GNU Hurd. 31 Partial Windows support is available (no internal programmer support at the moment, hence 32 no "BIOS flashing"). 33 34.. todo:: Convert Technology page and add links here 35 36.. container:: danger, admonition 37 38 **Emergency help** 39 40 IMPORTANT: If something went wrong during flashing, do NOT turn off/reboot your computer. 41 Instead, let us help you recover. We can be contacted via `IRC <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#irc>`_ 42 (#flashrom on `libera.chat <irc://irc.libera.chat/#flashrom>`_, `webchat <https://web.libera.chat/#flashrom>`_), 43 `Discord <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#discord>`_, or `email <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#mailing-list-1>`_. 44 Please allow some time until someone responds, we're all volunteers. 45