1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21template<class T>
22  concept integral-constant-like =                           // exposition only, since C++26
23    is_integral_v<decltype(T::value)> &&
24    !is_same_v<bool, remove_const_t<decltype(T::value)>> &&
25    convertible_to<T, decltype(T::value)> &&
26    equality_comparable_with<T, decltype(T::value)> &&
27    bool_constant<T() == T::value>::value &&
28    bool_constant<static_cast<decltype(T::value)>(T()) == T::value>::value;
29
30template<class T>
31  constexpr size_t maybe-static-ext = dynamic_extent;        // exposition only, since C++26
32template<integral-constant-like T>
33  constexpr size_t maybe-static-ext<T> = {T::value};
34
35// [views.span], class template span
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
37    class span;
38
39template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
40  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
41
42template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
43    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
44
45// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
46template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
47    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
48        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
49
50template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
51    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
52        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
53
54
55template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
56class span {
57public:
58    // constants and types
59    using element_type = ElementType;
60    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
61    using size_type = size_t;
62    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
63    using pointer = element_type*;
64    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
65    using reference = element_type&;
66    using const_reference = const element_type&;
67    using iterator = implementation-defined;
68    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
69    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
70
71    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
72    constexpr span() noexcept;
73    template <class It>
74    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
75    template <class It, class End>
76    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
77    template <size_t N>
78        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
79    template <size_t N>
80        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
81    template <size_t N>
82        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
83    template<class R>
84      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
85    constexpr explicit(extent != dynamic_extent) span(std::initializer_list<value_type> il); // Since C++26
86    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
87    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
88        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
89    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
90
91    // [span.sub], span subviews
92    template <size_t Count>
93        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
94    template <size_t Count>
95        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
96    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
97        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
98
99    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
100    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
101    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
102
103    // [span.obs], span observers
104    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
105    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
106    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
107
108    // [span.elem], span element access
109    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
110    constexpr reference at(size_type idx) const; // since C++26
111    constexpr reference front() const;
112    constexpr reference back() const;
113    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
114
115    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
116    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
117    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
118    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
119    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
120
121private:
122    pointer data_;    // exposition only
123    size_type size_;  // exposition only
124};
125
126template<class It, class EndOrSize>
127    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;                             // until C++26
128template<class It, class EndOrSize>
129    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<It>>, maybe-static-ext<EndOrSize>>; // since C++26
130
131template<class T, size_t N>
132    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
133
134template<class T, size_t N>
135    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
136
137template<class T, size_t N>
138    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
139
140template<class R>
141    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
142
143} // namespace std
144
145*/
146
147#include <__assert>
148#include <__concepts/convertible_to.h>
149#include <__concepts/equality_comparable.h>
150#include <__config>
151#include <__fwd/array.h>
152#include <__fwd/span.h>
153#include <__iterator/bounded_iter.h>
154#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
155#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
156#include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
157#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
158#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
159#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
160#include <__ranges/data.h>
161#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
162#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
163#include <__ranges/size.h>
164#include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
165#include <__type_traits/is_array.h>
166#include <__type_traits/is_const.h>
167#include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h>
168#include <__type_traits/is_integral.h>
169#include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
170#include <__type_traits/remove_const.h>
171#include <__type_traits/remove_cv.h>
172#include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
173#include <__type_traits/remove_reference.h>
174#include <__type_traits/type_identity.h>
175#include <__utility/forward.h>
176#include <cstddef> // for byte
177#include <initializer_list>
178#include <stdexcept>
179#include <version>
180
181// standard-mandated includes
182
183// [iterator.range]
184#include <__iterator/access.h>
185#include <__iterator/data.h>
186#include <__iterator/empty.h>
187#include <__iterator/reverse_access.h>
188#include <__iterator/size.h>
189
190#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
191#  pragma GCC system_header
192#endif
193
194_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
195#include <__undef_macros>
196
197_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
198
199#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
200
201template <class _Tp>
202struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
203
204template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
205struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
206
207template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
208concept __span_compatible_range =
209    ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&                            //
210    ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&                                 //
211    (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>)&& //
212    !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&               //
213    !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&              //
214    !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&                         //
215    is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>> (*)[], _ElementType (*)[]>;
216
217template <class _From, class _To>
218concept __span_array_convertible = is_convertible_v<_From (*)[], _To (*)[]>;
219
220template <class _It, class _Tp>
221concept __span_compatible_iterator =
222    contiguous_iterator<_It> && __span_array_convertible<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, _Tp>;
223
224template <class _Sentinel, class _It>
225concept __span_compatible_sentinel_for = sized_sentinel_for<_Sentinel, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_Sentinel, size_t>;
226
227template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
228class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
229public:
230  //  constants and types
231  using element_type    = _Tp;
232  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
233  using size_type       = size_t;
234  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
235  using pointer         = _Tp*;
236  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
237  using reference       = _Tp&;
238  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
239#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
240  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
241#  else
242  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
243#  endif
244  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
245
246  static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
247
248  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
249  template <size_t _Sz = _Extent>
250    requires(_Sz == 0)
251  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr} {}
252
253#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
254  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(std::initializer_list<value_type> __il)
255    requires is_const_v<element_type>
256      : __data_{__il.begin()} {
257    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(
258        _Extent == __il.size(), "Size mismatch in span's constructor _Extent != __il.size().");
259  }
260#  endif
261
262  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
263  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
264
265  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
266  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
267    (void)__count;
268    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
269  }
270
271  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
272  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
273    // [span.cons]/10
274    // Throws: When and what last - first throws.
275    [[maybe_unused]] auto __dist = __last - __first;
276    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__dist >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
277    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
278        __dist == _Extent, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
279  }
280
281  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data_{__arr} {}
282
283  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
284  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
285
286  template <class _OtherElementType>
287    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
288  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept
289      : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
290
291  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
292  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data_{ranges::data(__r)} {
293    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
294  }
295
296  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
297  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other) : __data_{__other.data()} {}
298
299  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
300  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other) noexcept
301      : __data_{__other.data()} {
302    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)");
303  }
304
305  template <size_t _Count>
306  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
307    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
308    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
309  }
310
311  template <size_t _Count>
312  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
313    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
314    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
315  }
316
317  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
318    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::first(count): count out of range");
319    return {data(), __count};
320  }
321
322  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
323    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::last(count): count out of range");
324    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
325  }
326
327  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
328  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
329      -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset> {
330    static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
331    static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset,
332                  "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
333
334    using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
335    return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
336  }
337
338  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
339  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
340    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
341    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
342      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
343    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
344        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
345    return {data() + __offset, __count};
346  }
347
348  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return _Extent; }
349  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
350  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
351
352  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
353    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T, N>::operator[](index): index out of range");
354    return __data_[__idx];
355  }
356
357#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
358  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
359    if (__index >= size())
360      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
361    return __data_[__index];
362  }
363#  endif
364
365  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
366    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
367    return __data_[0];
368  }
369
370  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
371    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
372    return __data_[size() - 1];
373  }
374
375  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
376
377  // [span.iter], span iterator support
378  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
379#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
380    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
381#  else
382    return iterator(data());
383#  endif
384  }
385  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
386#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
387    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
388#  else
389    return iterator(data() + size());
390#  endif
391  }
392  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
393  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
394
395  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
396    return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
397  }
398
399  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
400    return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
401  }
402
403private:
404  pointer __data_;
405};
406
407template <typename _Tp>
408class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
409public:
410  //  constants and types
411  using element_type    = _Tp;
412  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
413  using size_type       = size_t;
414  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
415  using pointer         = _Tp*;
416  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
417  using reference       = _Tp&;
418  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
419#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
420  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
421#  else
422  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
423#  endif
424  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
425
426  static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
427
428  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
429  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr}, __size_{0} {}
430
431#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
432  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(std::initializer_list<value_type> __il)
433    requires is_const_v<element_type>
434      : __data_{__il.begin()}, __size_{__il.size()} {}
435#  endif
436
437  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
438  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
439
440  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
441  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
442      : __data_{std::to_address(__first)}, __size_{__count} {}
443
444  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
445  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
446      : __data_(std::to_address(__first)), __size_(__last - __first) {
447    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__last - __first >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
448  }
449
450  template <size_t _Sz>
451  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept
452      : __data_{__arr}, __size_{_Sz} {}
453
454  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
455  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
456      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
457
458  template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
459    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
460  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
461      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
462
463  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
464  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data_(ranges::data(__r)), __size_{ranges::size(__r)} {}
465
466  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
467  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other) noexcept
468      : __data_{__other.data()}, __size_{__other.size()} {}
469
470  template <size_t _Count>
471  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
472    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
473    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
474  }
475
476  template <size_t _Count>
477  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
478    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
479    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
480  }
481
482  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
483    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::first(count): count out of range");
484    return {data(), __count};
485  }
486
487  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
488    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::last(count): count out of range");
489    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
490  }
491
492  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
493  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept {
494    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
495    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset,
496                                        "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
497    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
498  }
499
500  constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
501  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
502    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
503    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
504      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
505    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
506        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
507    return {data() + __offset, __count};
508  }
509
510  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return __size_; }
511  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return __size_ * sizeof(element_type); }
512  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size_ == 0; }
513
514  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
515    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T>::operator[](index): index out of range");
516    return __data_[__idx];
517  }
518
519#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
520  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
521    if (__index >= size())
522      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
523    return __data_[__index];
524  }
525#  endif
526
527  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
528    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::front() on empty span");
529    return __data_[0];
530  }
531
532  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
533    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::back() on empty span");
534    return __data_[size() - 1];
535  }
536
537  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
538
539  // [span.iter], span iterator support
540  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
541#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
542    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
543#  else
544    return iterator(data());
545#  endif
546  }
547  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
548#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
549    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
550#  else
551    return iterator(data() + size());
552#  endif
553  }
554  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
555  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
556
557  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
558    return {reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
559  }
560
561  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
562    return {reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
563  }
564
565private:
566  pointer __data_;
567  size_type __size_;
568};
569
570template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
571inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
572
573template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
574inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
575
576//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
577template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
578_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
579  return __s.__as_bytes();
580}
581
582template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
583  requires(!is_const_v<_Tp>)
584_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
585  return __s.__as_writable_bytes();
586}
587
588#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
589template <class _Tp>
590concept __integral_constant_like =
591    is_integral_v<decltype(_Tp::value)> && !is_same_v<bool, remove_const_t<decltype(_Tp::value)>> &&
592    convertible_to<_Tp, decltype(_Tp::value)> && equality_comparable_with<_Tp, decltype(_Tp::value)> &&
593    bool_constant<_Tp() == _Tp::value>::value &&
594    bool_constant<static_cast<decltype(_Tp::value)>(_Tp()) == _Tp::value>::value;
595
596template <class _Tp>
597inline constexpr size_t __maybe_static_ext = dynamic_extent;
598
599template <__integral_constant_like _Tp>
600inline constexpr size_t __maybe_static_ext<_Tp> = {_Tp::value};
601
602template <contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
603span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, __maybe_static_ext<_EndOrSize>>;
604#  else
605template <contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
606span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
607#  endif
608
609template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
610span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
611
612template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
613span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
614
615template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
616span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
617
618template <ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
619span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
620
621#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
622
623_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
624
625_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
626
627#if !defined(_LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES) && _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 20
628#  include <array>
629#  include <concepts>
630#  include <functional>
631#  include <iterator>
632#  include <type_traits>
633#endif
634
635#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
636